AIM: To outline the key aspects of China’s 1CP.

WHY? Why did China implement the 1CP? What is the historical context? MAKE A TIMELINE

WHERE? Where is China? Can you describe and also sketch where China is? Are there regional variations to the policy?

WHAT? What is China’s 1CP? How does it encourage families to have just one child?

Family Planning Regulations of the policy –Employers and neighborhood committees had to enforce guidelines. –1) Authorization for marriage: 25 years for male and 23 years for female. Students and apprentices not allowed to marry. –2) Monitoring menstrual cycles. –3) Contraceptive use mandatory: UID used for women with already one child. Incentives for sterilization after the birth of the first child. Couples with two or more children had to have one partner sterilized (women 80% of the time). –4) All pregnancies must be authorized: Unauthorized pregnancies had to be aborted. 7th, 8th or 9th month abortions are legal.

Family Planning –Incentives offered to couples with only one child: Monthly allowances paid to couples with only one child. Child entitled to free educational and medical services. –Disincentives used to discourage larger families: Fine up to 15% of annual income. Couples forced to give up all privileges if a second child was born and had to repay any cash awards it had received. A third child denied free education, subsidized food, and housing privileges. A third child’s parents would be penalized with a 10% reduction in wages.

Family Planning Urban areas –Small sized apartments. –Improving one’s status and level of consumption. –Easier control from the government. Rural areas –Families want more children to work the family plots and sustain parents when they get old. –Want sons who will continue the family line and provide ritual sacrifices to their ancestors after they die. –Daughters are leaving their family once they marry. –Girls are accounting for only 20 to 30% of a new demographic class in some areas.

HOW? How successful has the 1CP been? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this policy?