CHINA AND KOREA TO 1279 GARDNER 7-2 PP. 187-196

HAN DYNASTY Soon after the First Emperor’s death the people revolted against his son and in 206 BCE established the HAN DYNASTY The Han ruled China for four centuries The Han integrated the Qin reforms with a more liberal governing policy Extended China’s southern and western boundaries

THE MARQUISE OF DAI FLASH CARD #194 Funeral banner from the Tomb of the Marquise of Dai, Mawangdui, China, Han Dynasty, ca. 168 BCE, painted silk This T-shaped silk banner was draped over the coffin of the Marquise of Dai Area at the top of cross of T is heaven, the vertical section below is the human realm, and the bottom is the underworld In the heavenly realm are red sun and silvery moon

WU FAMILY SHRINE The archer Yi and a reception in a mansion, Wu family shrine, Jiaxiang, China Han dynasty, 147-168 CE, rubbing of a stone relief Han pictorial narratives appear on the walls of the Wu family shrines -> the emergence of private, non-aristocratic families as patrons of religious and mythological art Carved images of flat polished stone stand out against a flat but rough textured background The hero Yi shoots down suns to save the earth from scorching and to the right a ceremonial scene in a mansion

HAN HOUSES AND PALACES Model of a house, Han dynasty, first century CE, painted earthenware No actual remains of Han building survive Ceramic models of houses deposited in Han tombs and representations like those in the Wu family shrines give us a good idea of Chinese architecture Sharply projecting tiled roofs resting on a framework of timber posts, lintels, and brackets

CHINESE WOODEN CONSTRUCTION Wooden buildings Pitched/sloping roof Projecting overhang/eaves Post and beams support the sloping roof Walls serve no weight bearing purpose -> act as screens between inside and outside and between rooms

PERIOD OF DISUNITY The Period of Disunity The Period of the Six Dynasties The Northern and Southern Dynasties Three names for the period of civil strife that divided China into competing states from 220-581 CE During this period the influence of Buddhism began to grow in China and along with Confucianism and Daoism it will influence Chinese thought and art PERIOD OF DISUNITY

ZHAO BUDDHA Shakyamuni Buddha, from Hebei Province, Later Zhao dynasty, Period of Disunity, 338 CE, gilded bronze This is the earliest datable Chinese Buddha image In style and iconography it is derived from Gandharan prototypes flat, relief-like handling of the robe’s heavy concentric folds The ushnisha/cranial bum Cross legged position

CHINESE PAINTING MATERIALS AND FORMATS Chinese painting materials were a round tapered brush, soot-based ink, and either silk or paper The formats of Chinese painting HANGING SCROLLS – display on walls HANDSCROLLS – long, narrow scrolls that unrolled ALBUM LEAVES – small panels on paper leaves collected in albums FANS

LADY FENG’S HEROISM Lady Feng and the Bear, detail of Admonitions of the Instructress to the Court Ladies, Period of Disunity, late 4th century, handscroll, ink and colors on silk Lady Feng puts herself between the emperor and a bear -> a perfect model of Confucian behavior Animated, minimal background, focus on inner vitality and spirit

TANG DYNASTY The Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE was a unequaled magnificence Chinese armies marched across central Asia

LONGMEN CAVES FLASHCARD #195-1 Vairocana Buddha, disciples, and bodhisattvas, Fengxian Temple, Longmen Caves, Luoyang, China Tang Dynasty supported Buddhism and created the Longmen cave complex 44’ high seated Buddha carved into the cliff Sponsored by Empress Wu Zetian Mahayana Cosmic Buddha is depicted in serene majesty with suppressed surface detail LONGMEN CAVES

LONGMEN CAVES - DETAIL FLASHCARD #195-2 Massive Buddhist sculptures in the main grotto

LONGMEN CAVES -DETAIL FLASHCARD 195-3 Massive Tang Dynasty statues of a bodhisattva, an arhat, and Vairocana Buddha. Longmen Caves, Henan province, China

TANG PAINTING YAN LIBEN –detail from The Thirteen Emperors, 650 CE, handscroll Line drawing Colored washes Shading of faces and robes to give volume TOMB OF YONGTAI – Palace Ladies, detail of a wall painting, 706 CE Peaceful scene of court life No background or setting Figures are arranged to convey depth and space/paired figures facing into and out of space also give depth and space

CHINESE EARTHENWARES AND STONEWARES No one can rival China for the length and richness of its ceramic history Two types of clay vessels Earthenware – fired at low temperature, soft and porous Stoneware – fired at high temperature, stone-like hardness and density Later around 1300 the Chinese will develop PORCELAIN a ceramic made from a fine white clay that produces a substance like glass or stone with a rich, shiny surface