OVARIES Both a reproductive organ, and an endocrine gland

Where are the ovaries located? The ovaries are located in the pelvis, on either side of the uterus. They are connected to each other through the fallopian tubes. Each ovary is roughly the size on an almond.

What key hormones do the ovaries produce? Estrogen Progesterone FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) LH (Luteinizing Hormone) Each of these four hormones have their own special tasks to complete!

FSH and LH FSH is a hormone that : Is produced in pituitary gland Is carried to ovaries through blood Produces FOLLICLES FOLLICLES ARE THE SITE OF ESTROGEN LH is a hormone that : Is produced in the pituitary gland Recycles the unused follicles produced by FSH Transforms those follicles into CORPUS LUTEUM CORPUS LUTEUM IS THE SITE OF PROGESTERONE

PROGESTERONE Progesterone’s main purpose is to promote the survival and development of the fetus. Progesterone levels tend to rise and fall dramatically. During ovulation, Progesterone levels sky rocket, in order to promote pregnancy. Once progesterone levels fall again, and the cycle repeats itself. If a woman fails to ovulate during her cycle, it is most likely because of little progesterone production. When progesterone levels decrease, estrogen levels increase. This imbalance can be toxic.

ESTROGEN Estrogen is extremely important in the growth and development of the female body. Causes changes in the breasts during adolescence and pregnancy. Controls growth of the endomertium (uterine lining) during the menstrual cycle in preparation of a fertilized egg Estrogen is secreted through the follicles.

The Female Menstrual Cycle PhaseDescription of EventsHormone ProducedDays flowMenstruation (bleeding)1-5 follicularFollicles Develop in Ovariesestrogen6-13 ovulationOocyte bursts form ovary14 lutealCorpus Luteum forms, endometrium thickens Estrogen and progesterone Approximately 1 egg matures after each menstrual cycle. 1 egg each month!

PCOS- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Cells grow in order to build tissues. Tissues build organs. PCOS, is the rapid production of cells. All unused cells build and form tissue cysts. These tissue cysts cause the ovaries to shut down. No ovaries = no eggs. No eggs = infertility.

How can PCOS be treated? The number one treatment for PCOS is Inducing Ovulation. Inducing ovulation means injecting a medication that stimulates the follicles located on the ovary. The following medications are ones that do so:  Chlomifine Citrate  Metformin  Injectable gonadotrophins  IVF (In vitro fertilization)

QUIZ 1. How are the ovaries connected? a.) through the pelvis b.) through the fallopian tubes c.) through the blood d.) all of the above ANSWER: B

2. Which of the following is not produced nor used by the ovaries? a.) FSH b.) Estrogen c.) ADH d.) Progesterone ANSWER : C

3. In comparison to Adrenaline, Progesterone is a fast- acting hormone. TRUE FALSE ANSWER : FALSE

4. All ovarian cysts are cancerous and dangerous. TRUE FALSE ANSWER : FALSE

5. Which of the following is not one of the four phases of the female menstrual cycle? a.) Flow phase b.) Follicular phase c.) Corpus phase d.) Luteal phase e.) Ovulation phase ANSWER : C

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