disk Towards a conceptual design M. de Jong  Introduction  Design considerations  Design concepts  Summary

“All-data-to-shore” photon detection information transmission information management information distribution detector f mf m f 1f 1 f f m+1 m minimum number of time-position correlated photons

“All-data-to-shore”  Scientifically –maximise neutrino detection efficiency –maintain flexibility (also after construction) –enable different physics (e.g. Magnetic Monopole)  Technically –reduce data transmission to a linear problem (scalability) –locate all complexity on shore (reliability) –optimisation of data filter (quality)

Photon detection  Position – resolution ~10 cm  Time – resolution ~1 ns  Charge – two-photon purity >99% – dynamic range 10-20

Detector hierarchy ‘building brick’  Photo-cathode area  Photo-cathode segmentation  Geometry  Signal/Noise  Power

Information transmission  Information – time‘TDC’ – charge‘ADC’ – address(ID, DWDM,…)  Network tree – optical power budget  Bandwidth km 1 2 n Back End fibre e/oo/e Front End local cluster

Information management  I/O data rates  Operation – remote – multi-user  Event – definition – efficiency – purity disk events Front End Back End Event Builder Data base User Control

Information distribution  Bandwidth  Number of computing centers  Event processing speed  Information feedback disk Computing center Server events calibration operation

Design considerations

Functional geography  Photon detection –High data rate –Uni-directional –Low information density –Timing ~ns  Instrumentation –Low data rate –Bi-directional –High information density –Timing ~ms separation of functionalities

Separation of functionalities  Optimise implementation  Reduce cost  Parallel design/production  Reliability versus redundancy Detection UnitsInstrumentation Units requires proof of concept for calibration

Photon counting  Large PMT –Slow –Analogue –Q -integrator –ADC  Small PMT –Fast –Digital –single photon counting –Time-over-threshold two-photon purity

Probability to detect 2 (or more) photons as a function of  photo-cathode area  distance between muon and PMT

 wavefront Cherenkov light cone ~1 km 1-2 abs

R [m] P(#   ≥ 2) – 0.01 m 2 – 0.02 m 2 – 0.03 m 2 – 0.04 m 2 – 0.05 m 2 Probability to detect 2 (or more) photons QE = 25% photo-cathode area: 2 x larger PMT does NOT see twice as far

Time stamping  Off-shore TDC –Distributed clock system Master clock Network Many slave clocks –A-synchronous readout  On-shore TDC –Local clock system Master clock ‘smart’ TDCs –Synchronous readout Software (protocol) Hardware (‘analogue’) minimise off-shore electronics

Example off-shore TDC port TX/RX DAQ TX/RX clock master ADC TDC clock slave protocol on-shoreoff-shore complex off-shore electronics

Example on-shore TDC optical TX/RX optical modulator ‘smart’ TDC clock protocol on-shore off-shore  Protocol – DWDM: (,fiber)  TDC – auto-calibration – multi-threshold (‘waveform’) ~no off-shore electronics

Time slice (or “ how-to-get-all-data-in-one-place ”) time muon takes to traverse detector

Trigger time Ethernet switch off-shore on shore

Trigger time Ethernet switch off-shore on shore

Trigger time Ethernet switch off-shore on shore

Design concepts (to be updated…)  à la Antares  1-1 mixed copper/fibre network  photonics based

à la Antares  Design of new front-end chip (Guilloux, Delagnes, Druillole)  Design of new FPGA/CPU (Herve, Shebli, Louis)  Design of data transmission (Jelle, Henk, Mar)  New clock (?)  New slow control (Michel)  Network optimisation –copper/fibre (Louis, Henk, ?) –Ethernet switch (Louis)  Both slow control & data acquisition (mjg)

1-1 mixed copper/fibre network  Design of multi-functional FPGA system –FPGA/CPU integration (Herve, Shebli) –Slow control (Michel?) –Front end (Guilloux, Delagnes, Druillole)  Integration of clock & data transmission system –Time synchronisation & calibration (?, Herve, Henk) –Hardware/software (Nemo)  Network optimisation (Jelle, Nemo?, ?)

Photonics based  Design of front-end electronics-photonics (Sander, Jelle, …) –Optical modulator (Mar)  Optical network (Jelle, )  On-shore multi-  laser  Mar, Jean Jennen)  Synchronised readout (mjg)  On-shore smart TDC (?, Saclay?, )  Limited slow control (WP2)

Summary  Readout based on “All-data-to-shore” concept  Big questions: –Where (off-shore/on shore) to do time stamping? –How to distribute data (TCP/IP)? –How to achieve good two-photon resolution? –Can we separate functionalities? –Other?