Year 10 HISTORY WORLD WAR II (1939–45) Mr Flannery 10 History 2015

Chancellor the head of a state or government in some European countries Communism a system of social organisation that prohibits private ownership and advocates communal ownership of property Conscription compulsory military service Constitution a set of rules that determines how an organisation, or a country, operates ideology the beliefs or attitudes held by an individual or a social group – these are often reflected in texts. Interned imprisonment during wartime

Nazi a member of the German National Socialist political party (founded by Hitler) Reparations payments made after a war by the defeated nation to the nation/s that won the war Sanctions controls on trade in goods and services and financial restrictions against persons and entities designated by the Security Council of the United Nations Sovereignty the authority of a state to govern itself Treaty a formally concluded and ratified agreement between states. Typhus an infectious disease caused by Rickettsia bacteria, characterised by a purple rash, headaches, fever and usually delirium

After World War 1, the world became polarised by political movements including communism, fascism and Nazism, and the rise of leaders such as Mussolini in Italy, Hitler in Germany, Stalin in the Soviet Union and Tojo in Japan. The aggression of these leaders exploded into one of the most horrifying global conflicts of the 20th Century: World War 2. Battles of dominance were fought in China, North Africa and South-East Asia, with two key ‘theatres of war’: Europe and the Asia-Pacific. The war changed Australia and the world, with significant events including the Holocaust, battles of Britain and Stalingrad, the attack on Pearl Harbor, the bombing of Darwin, the defence of the Kokoda Track and the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan. World War 2 involved almost every nation in the world, costing more than 50 million lives over the course of 6 years. What do I need to know?

Mass casualties After WW1, people were horrified to learn that almost 9 million troops had died on both sides in that terrible conflict. Yet in little over 2 decades the world was again at war. Between 1939 & 1945 WW2 cost the lives of around 62 million people. World War 2 Was by far the deadliest conflict, not only in the 20th Century, but in human history. In this war the number of civilian deaths was approximately double the number of military deaths, and more than a third of civilian deaths were deliberate killings in Japanese, Nazi and other fascist war crimes. Approximately 39 800 Australian soldiers, sailors and airmen and 700 civilians were killed in World War 2.

Rise of Hitler Nationalism Militarism Appeasement Anti- communism Economic depression Japanese expansionism fascism in Italy Treaty of Versailles Major Causes of World War II

Treaty of Versailles After Germany lost WWI, the winning nations drafted a treaty to address issues such as territorial adjustments, reparations, armament restrictions, war guilt and the League of Nations. The treaty punished Germany and left bitter feelings. Germany was forced to accept all the blame for the war and pay millions in reparations to Britain and France. Italy was disappointed that it was denied territory promised by Britain and France. British Prime Minister George Italian Prime Minister Orlando French Prime Minister Clemenceau U.S. President Wilson 1914 1919 “Big Four”

The Nazis’ rise to power Three factors in particular helped the rise of the Nazis: Resentment against the Treaty of Versailles (http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles) The myth that Germany had been betrayed The Great Depression http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles/videos

Worldwide Economic Depression After WWI many European economies were unstable. The boom in the U.S. throughout the 1920s helped sustain worldwide trade. The 1929 stock market crash in the U.S. and the resulting Great Depression spread throughout the world. U.S. restrictive tariff policies worsened the depression. As economies plummeted and unemployment rose, many people turned to powerful leaders and governments who promised success through military buildup and the conquest of territory. German breadlines Japanese children eating radish roots during famine

Economic Depression (in Germany) The impact of the 1930s Depression In the early 1920s Germany suffered hyperinflation, which wiped out the value of its currency. 1924 - Consequently the reparations payments (agreed upon in the treaty) were spread over a longer period and Germany was given loans to help rebuild its economy. As the Great Depression spread through industrialised country from 1929, Germany was most severely affected. As foreign loans dried up, investment fell and by 1932 six million Germans were unemployed.

Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose In Germany, depression, unemployment and hard times led to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party. Election date Votes in millions Share May 20, 1928 0.81 2.6% September 14, 1930 6.41 18.3% July 31, 1932 13.75 37.3% November 6, 1932 11.74 33.1% March 5, 1933 17.28 43.9% Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose

The fall of Germany’s democratic government Coalition: a temporary alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government. Socialism: a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. When the Depression hit, Germany’s coalition government wanted to raise taxes on the rich to maintain payments to the unemployed. The non-socialist parties opposed this, so the coalition split and the government collapsed. The communist party was becoming increasingly popular, as was the Nazi party. People who feared communism saw this party as a good alternative.

A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933 Anti-Communism Under communism, all means of production are controlled by the government, as are property, the media, and all other aspects of society. The 1930s saw the rise of many totalitarian regimes; but most people chose fascism over communism. Hitler exploited people’s fear of a communist takeover in Germany to rise to power in 1933. A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933

Communication Question How did the following factor’s help the rise of the Nazis? Resentment against the conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles The Great Depression

The basic ideas of the Nazi ideology Only the strong survive Hate communism as it is a Jewish ideology The Germanic master race must defeat its racial enemies, especially the Jews Germany must gain Lebensraum (living room) for its expanding population by taking land from non-Aryan races The Fuhrerprinzip (leader principle) dictates that all opposition must be crushed and there must be total obedience to the leader. Aryan: In Nazi ideology, an Aryan person was the ideal physical specimen: non-Jewish and possessing strong Nordic features (tall, blonde hair, blue eyes) The Nazi’s gained supporters through public spectacles such as the Nuremberg rallies, through controlling the media and through propaganda blaming Germany's problems on communists and Jews.

The source of Hitler’s power A month after Hitler became Chancellor (prime minister of a right wing government), the Reighstag (German Parliament) was severely damaged by fire and the Nazis stirred up fears of a communist uprising. Hitler persuaded President Hindenburg to issue a Decree for protection of People and State. This allowed for imprisonment without trial and abolition of freedom of the press, speech and assembly. During the weeks preceding the March 1933 elections, The Nazis used the decree to restrict campaigning by other parties. Despite their intimidation of voters, the Nazis won only 43.9% of the vote, so they formed a coalition with the small Nationalist Party and barred the communist from taking the seats they had won. Finally Hitler’s government had the power to make laws and change the constitution as it wished.

Hitler appealed to almost all members of society Hitler appealed to almost all members of society. He promised to take care of the workers and farmers, and to return the middle class to the good fortune and peace they remembered from their childhood.

Communication Question What role did president Hindenburg play in Hitler’s rise to power? What have you learned today?

Major Causes of WWII Treaty of Versailles Rise of Italian fascism Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party Great Depression Japanese expansionism Anti-communism Appeasement Militarism Nationalism U.S. isolationism Maps

How did the nature of global conflict change during the twentieth century? What were the consequences of World War II? How did these consequences change the modern world? What was Australia’s involvement in World War II? How was Australian society affected by other significant global events and changes in this period?

Japanese Expansionism In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria for raw materials. The same year, Japan began to attack China, with full-scale war breaking out in 1937 in the Sino-Japanese War. In 1938, war broke out between Japan and the Soviet Union in what were known as the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars.

Appeasement Appeasement is the act of giving in to an enemy’s demands in hopes of avoiding further conflict. In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that the German population living there was being mistreated. The British and French prime ministers agreed to Hitler’s demands without consulting Czechoslovakian leaders, in the hopes that this would avoid a war in Europe.

Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society Militarism The glorification of war, in which a nation strengthens its military and stockpiles weapons in preparation for war. An important aspect of militarism is that the glorification of war is incorporated into all levels of society, including education of the nation’s youth. Militaristic societies have existed throughout human history. Hitler Youth group Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society

The Rise of Fascism in Italy Fascism is a totalitarian form of government which: Glorifies the state Has one leader and one party All aspects of society are controlled by the government No opposition or protests are tolerated Propaganda and censorship are widely practiced Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped found the political ideology of fascism. He sided with the Axis powers in 1940.

Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag Nationalism Nationalism is the belief in the superiority of one’s own nation over all others. In the extreme, it can lead to major conflicts between nations. Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan’s Tojo each touted their nation’s ability to dominate all others in the years leading up to WWII. Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag

American Isolationism The failure of peace efforts such as the Kellogg Briand Treaty during the 1920s disillusioned many Americans about international involvement. The U.S. was in a major depression throughout the 1930s and was mostly concerned with its own problems. Conflict in Europe seemed distant, and the U.S. tried to remain neutral. This policy weakened the European democracies. The Nye Committee held congressional hearings in the mid-1930s, concluding that the U.S. was tricked into entering WWI by arms manufacturers and Allied propaganda.

Theatres of War: Where WWII Was Fought Europe Atlantic Ocean Asia North Africa Pacific

HITLER’S WWII AXIS PARTNERS

THE ALLIED POWERS IN WWII India Brazil These are the nations that had a substantial number of soldiers involved in the fighting. THE ALLIED POWERS IN WWII

Reference List http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles/videos