 Globalisation  Global Groupings  Global Networks  Roots  On The Move  World Cities  Global Challenges For The Future

 Where do they come from ?  Where would they have come from 50 years ago?

 The term ‘globalisation’ has been used since the 1990s.  The IMF defines it as ‘the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and services, freer international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.’  So really it is about how people, their cultures, money, goods and information are transferred between countries so that places and people are becoming more closely linked.

 National economies are becoming more integrated into a single global economy?  Actions and decisions in one part of the world have knock on effects in other parts of the world?  The spread and development of technology has fuelled the interdependency?  The world is becoming very similar politically with democracy, freedom and free trade?

 Cultural globalisation – western cultural norms are spreading to other parts of the world?  Demographic globalisation – increasing migration/movement of people means the greater mixing of ethnicity?  Environmental implications?

 People, countries and continent have always been connected in terms of economic, cultural and political ways through:  Trade – from 1492 when Columbus reached the Americas  Colonialism – by the end of the 19 th century the British empire directly controlled ¼ of the world and its people

 Co-operation – since WW1 ended in 1918 international organisations similar to today’s United Nations have existed.

 Lengthening of connections eg here in Greece we can buy water brought tens of thousands of km from Fiji!  Deepening connections ie links with more people and places in all areas of our lives

 Spices – the first globally traded product  Potato – from the Andes, S America, arrived in the UK in  Coffee – thought to be from Ethiopia  Tomato – originally from Peru  Tea – originating in China  Chili – from S America over 500 years ago  Check out Yale – the globalisation of food

 P 89 Philip Allan

 Some low income countries like Mali and Chad have large number of people living in poverty who have shallow global integration  Other middle income countries eg Brazil have great unevenness between the peoples’experiences of globalisation. The rich elite in Sao Paulo and Rio are highly globalised and even in favelas they follow international football teams and listen to American music etc  In high income nations eg USA, UK most people are affluent consumers of global products and culture. Many are widely travelled and fly overseas.

 Deforestation?  Global climate change?  Find out more here: /3109-questions-and-answers- uncontacted-tribes