Using Users’ Social Relations to Facilitate Session Delivery and Improve Communication Efficiency Yang Li and Prof. H. Anthony Chan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Cape Town

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 2 January 20, Problem: Human factors are not sufficiently considered in existing networks.  (1)No practical user-centric service platform  (2)Undetectable uncertainties by users & operators  (3)Insufficient use of Network resources Human resources Information resources  (4)Unsatisfactory service delivery  (5)Sacrifice of users’ first desire  (6)Wasted labor resources due to repetitive operations  (7)Short of researches on unavailability of desired communicating parties underdeveloped human-resource distribution over networks  (8)Losing customers

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 3 January 20, Literature Review: Expected human-centric features in communication networks.  ETSI EG V1.2.1 ( ) [1] “Design for all”  Disabilities sensory, physical, cognitive, allergies…  Design issues General principles Adaptability, color, feedback, flexibility, response times… Dialogue styles Menu, GUI, key, voice dialogue, user prompting Assistive technology Multimedia presentation and multimodal interaction Multimedia terminal, nonspeech sounds Labels and abbreviations National variations Security User support Tutorial system, help mechanisms (human, multimedia, text, built-in)…

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 4 January 20, Hypothesis: Import human intelligence in next-generation-network (NGN) architecture. Application Level Control Level Transport Level Access Level User Intelligence User-friendly Interface NGN Architecture (User Task)

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 5 January 20, Methodology: Develop expert system in communication-network field [4]. Determine problem characteristic Find concepts to represent knowledge Design structure to recognize knowledge Formulate rules to embody knowledge Validate rules that organize knowledge Identification Conceptualization Formulization Implementation Testing Requirement Concept Structure Rules Refinements Redesigns Reformulation

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 6 January 20, Approach: Seek for optimal session delivery manner according to users’ social relations. User PartNGNHuman-intelligence Part Virtual Caller Callee Virtual Callee (a) (b) (c) Assistant Callee Virtual Assistant Callee

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 7 January 20, Literature Review: Expected human-centric features in communication networks.  ETSI EG V1.1.1 ( ) [2]  Operations for profile data: create new, assign values to the attributes, view, modify, copy, paste, and delete  User-profile management Setup and maintenance Profile activation Information sharing and privacy Log  3GPP TS V6.1.0 ( ) [3] 3GPP Generic User Profile (GUP) e.g., HSS IMS GUP Component 3GPP TS Cx protocol are described in the 3GPP TS Sh interface are described in the 3GPP TS

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 8 January 20, Approach: Seek for optimal session delivery manner according to users’ social relations. User PartNGNHuman-intelligence Part Virtual Caller Callee Virtual Callee 1 2 (a) (b) (c) Assistant Callee Virtual Assistant Callee 3

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 9 January 20, Approach: Seek for optimal session delivery manner according to users’ social relations. User PartNGNHuman-intelligence Part Virtual Caller Callee Virtual Callee 1 2 (a) (b) (c) Assistant Callee Virtual Assistant Callee

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 10 January 20, Approach: Seek for optimal session delivery manner according to users’ social relations. User PartNGNHuman-intelligence Part Virtual Caller Callee Virtual Callee 1 2 (a) (b) (c) Assistant Callee Virtual Assistant Callee 3 4 5

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 11 January 20, Realization: Realize intelligence-to-network in Java/MySQL software environment. Database Virtual Personal Profile Session Comparator Session Generator Decision Maker Session Registrar Session Keeper Server Application Library User PartNGNHuman-intelligence Part 2.1 > Update Sender Info 3 > Activate 4.2 >< Fetch Application Information 4.1 >< Fetch Receiver Info 5 > Activate 6 > Activate 7.2 >< Enquire 9 > Activate 7.3 > Suspend 8.1 >< Enquire User Information 2.2 > Update Sender Info 8.2 >< Enquire Application Information 7.1 > Deliver Session Simulator 1 > Initiate

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 12 January 20, Application: An overview of IP-Multimedia- Subsystem architecture [5] Fixed Internet Wireless Proxy – Call State Control Function (P-CSCF) Integrating – Call State Control Function (I-CSCF) Serving – Call State Control Function (S-CSCF) Home Subscriber System (HSS) Application Server (AS) Application Control User

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 13 January 20, 2016 Reference Architecture of the IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem [5].

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 14 January 20, Application: Apply intelligence-on-network to IP-Multimedia-System Fixed Internet Wireless P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF HSS AS Session Comparator Session Generator Decision Maker Virtual Personal Profile Session Keeper Application Library Session Registrar

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 15 January 20, Application: Apply intelligence-on-network to IP-Multimedia-System P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF1 HSS AS User 1 User 2 P-CSCF S-CSCF2

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 16 January 20, Application: Apply intelligence-on-network to IP-Multimedia-System P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF1 HSS AS Session Comparator Session Generator Decision Maker Virtual Personal Profile Session Keeper Application Library Session Registrar User 1 User 3 User 2 P-CSCF S-CSCF2 S-CSCF3 8

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 17 January 20, 2016 Session Initiation Protocol – RFC 3261 [6]: REGISTER -> Registrar  INVITE SIP/2.0  Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.atlanta.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8  To: Bob  From: Alice ;tag=  Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710  CSeq: INVITE  Max-Forwards: 70  Date: Thu, 21 Feb :02:03 GMT  Contact:  Content-Type: application/sdp;  protocol="application/pkcs7-signature";  micalg=sha1; boundary=boundary42  Content-Length: 568

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 18 January 20, 2016 Session Description Protocol: RFC 2327 [7]  announcement = proto-version  origin-field  session-name-field  information-field  uri-field  -fields  phone-fields  connection-field  bandwidth-fields  time-fields  key-field  attribute-fields  media-descriptions  origin-field = "o=" username space sess-id space sess-version space nettype space addrtype space addr session-name-field = "s=" text -fields =*("e=" -address) phone-fields =*("p=" phone-number) bandwidth-fields =*("b=" bwtype ":" bandwidth) time-fields =1*( "t=" start-time space stop-time) media =typically "audio", "video", "application“, or “data” proto =typically "RTP/AVP" or "udp" for IP4 sess-id =unique for this originating username/host start-time =time | "0" stop-time =time | "0" bwtype =1*(alpha-numeric) bandwidth =1*(DIGIT) username =safe;pretty wide definition -address = | "(" -safe ")" | … =;defined in RFC822 phone-number =phone | phone "(" -safe ")" | … phone ="+" POS-DIGIT 1*(space | "-" | DIGIT) addrtype ="IP4" | "IP6“ IP4-address =“ decimal-uchar " IP6-address =;to be defined

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 19 January 20, Reference  [1]European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI EG V1.2.1 ( ) - Human Factors (HF), Guidelines for ICT products and services. Available:  [2] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI EG V1.1.1 ( ). Available:  [3]Third Generation Partnership Project, Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals, 3GPP TS V6.1.0 ( ) - 3GPP Generic User Profile (GUP), Stage 3, Release 6. Available:  [4]F. Hayes-Roth, D. A. Waterman, and D. B. Lenat, Building Expert Systems. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. Boston, MA, USA, ISBN:  [5] Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP TS V7.4.0 ( ) - IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), Stage 2, Release 7. Available:  [6]Internet Engineering Task Force, Request for Comments SIP: Session Initiation Protocol. Available:  [7]Internet Engineering Task Force, Request for Comments SDP: Session Description Protocol. Available:

Thank you! Questions?

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 21 January 20, Comparing rule for one attribute of application Qualitative? Just? Better? Poorer? PoorerBetterJustUnacceptable NO YES Get a Parameter

“Intelligence on Network” UCT-COE Seminar page 22 January 20, Comparing rule for an application Just p = M? Better? Poorer? Poorer Quality Better Quality Just Quality Unacceptable Quality NO YES NO Get a Session p = 0 Analyze quality of Parameter p CounterUnacceptable++ CounterBetter++ CounterPoorer++ YES CounterUnacceptable = 0? CounterPoorer = 0? CounterBetter = 0? YES NO YES

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