Nutrition – Human Fuel The Nutritional Components of Food  Carbohydrates  Protein  Fat  Vitamins  Minerals  Water  Dietary Fiber What about Energy???

Energy The breakdown of simple substances in human cells provides ENERGYThe breakdown of simple substances in human cells provides ENERGY Foods containing carbohydrates, protein and fat provide energy to the human bodyFoods containing carbohydrates, protein and fat provide energy to the human body Vitamins, minerals, fiber and water do not provide energy to the human bodyVitamins, minerals, fiber and water do not provide energy to the human body

Carbohydrates Substances composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)Substances composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) The first source of energy used by the body for most activitiesThe first source of energy used by the body for most activities Two types: sugar (“simple carbs”)& starch (“complex carbs”)Two types: sugar (“simple carbs”)& starch (“complex carbs”) Found mainly in plant products (fruit, vegetables, grain products)Found mainly in plant products (fruit, vegetables, grain products)

Carbohydrates 1 gram of carbs produces 4 calories of energy in the body1 gram of carbs produces 4 calories of energy in the body

Protein Substances composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N)Substances composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) Mainly used for the construction and repair of human tissueMainly used for the construction and repair of human tissue Found mainly in animal products (meat, dairy products, fish, eggs…), as well as nuts and beansFound mainly in animal products (meat, dairy products, fish, eggs…), as well as nuts and beans 1 gram of protein produces 4 calories of energy1 gram of protein produces 4 calories of energy

Fat Substances composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)Substances composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) Used for a variety of functions, including providing energy and the protection of internal organsUsed for a variety of functions, including providing energy and the protection of internal organs Found in almost all natural foodsFound in almost all natural foods 1 gram of fat produces 9 calories of energy1 gram of fat produces 9 calories of energy

Other Nutrients Vitamins (ex. Vitamin A, C, D…)Vitamins (ex. Vitamin A, C, D…) different vitamins are used for many different functions different vitamins are used for many different functions Minerals (ex. calcium, iron, phosphorus…)Minerals (ex. calcium, iron, phosphorus…) different minerals are used for many different functionsdifferent minerals are used for many different functions Water (H 2 O)Water (H 2 O) A vital component of all human tissueA vital component of all human tissue Dietary FiberDietary Fiber Necessary for the proper movement of food through the digestive systemNecessary for the proper movement of food through the digestive system

Canada’s Food Guide The Four Food Groups:The Four Food Groups: Fruits and VegetablesFruits and Vegetables Grain ProductsGrain Products Milk and AlternativesMilk and Alternatives Meat and AlternativesMeat and Alternatives

Food Group FemaleMaleTip Fruits and Vegetables 7 portions per day 8 portions per day At least 1 dark green and 1 bright- coloured vegetable per day Grain Products 6 portions per day 7 portions per day Emphasize whole grain Milk and Alternatives 3-4 portions per day Choose lower fat Meat and Alternatives 2 portions per day 3 portions per day Try to eat two servings of fish per week