The Dollars & Sense of going green Combustible Dust… an Explosive Issue Presented by Jamison Scott jscott@airhand.com www.airhand.com More info on combustible dust: http://www.airhand.com/combustibledust.asp Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 - For informational use only.

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Combustible Dust What is it? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va1sJF5_f-8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRw4ZRqmxOc&NR=1 Who is in charge? Can it happen in my shop? Prevention Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only What is It? Combustible dusts are fine particles that present an explosion hazard when suspended in air in certain conditions. Source: OSHA Fact Sheet. Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only What is It? Combustible Fine Particles: Deflagrable Wood Dust 420 micons (.425 mm, 425 um micrometers, .0165”) or smaller (having moisture content of less than 25%). Material that will pass through U.S. No. 40 Standard Sieve. Size of fairly coarse sand.* 1/32 of dust – thickness of dime. OSHA continues crackdown on combustible dust hazards Published: August 11, 2009, By Rich Christianson http://www.iswonline.com/ArticleLanding/tabid/67/Default.aspx?tid=1&contentid=824632&issueid=743 *Source NFPA 3.3.24.2 Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

What is It – Classic Fire Triangle Fuel (combustible dust) Ignition (heat, spark) Oxygen (air) Remove any one element eliminates the possibility of fire. Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

What is It – Dust Explosion Pentagon Fuel (combustible dust) Ignition (heat, spark) Oxygen (air) Dispersion (Dust Suspension) Confinement Remove any one element prevents explosion, but not necessarily fire!* *the concentration of suspended dust must be within an explosible range, lowest amount of dust in air that will explode, referred to as Minimum Explosible Concentration (MEC) – (1) Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

What is It – Primary, Secondary Primary Issues Explosion Secondary Issues Disturbing of dust on structural supports can create a secondary source of fuel Video Clip: http://www.chemsafety.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=33 Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Who’s in charge Regulatory Alphabet of Organizations & Agencies OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration July 2005 – Combustible Dust in Industry: Preventing and Mitigating the Effects of Fire and Explosions February 2008 – Imperial Sugar, dust explosion and subsequent fire at a sugar refinery in Port Wentworth, Georgia, caused 14 deaths and left many others seriously injured. March 2008 - Hazard Alert: Combustible Dust Explosions. OSHA Fact Sheet April 2009 – See Congress below 2009 - Hazard Communication Guidance for Combustible Dust OSHA 3371-08 2009 October 21, 2009 - Combustible Dust ANPR October 2009 – Status Report on Combustible Dust National Emphasis Program Congress April 2008 - The House passes the Worker Protection Against Combustible Dust Explosion and Fire Act, H.R. 5522 by a vote of 247-165 and referred to the Senate. Feb 2009 – H.R. 849: Worker Protection Against Combustible Dust Explosions and Fires Act of 2009. Same as H.R. 5522. Status: Refferred to Committee. Since OSHA is taking action, the bill will probably NOT make it out of committee. NFPA – National Fire Protection Association NFPA 68: Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting. NFPA 654: Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids. NFPA 654: Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids. Recommendations commonly referred to Fire Local Fire Officials. US Chemical Safety Board October 6, 2009 - http://www.chemsafety.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=33 (minutes 3-5:30) Insurance Companies FM Global - Prevention and mitigation of combustible dust Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Who’s REALLY in charge YOU!!!!!! Sugar Refinery Ignored Explosive Dust Before Blast September 25, 2009 by Rruss Bynum, Associated Press Writer http://www.impomag.com/scripts/ShowPR.asp?RID=11927&CommonCount=0 Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Can it happen in my shop? Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only (2) www.woodchuckles.com

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Can it happen in my shop? We will assume you are not Fred and you already have a dust collection system. Dust Collector. Hanging Air Filter for ambient dust. Shop Vac or Vac Kit which attaches to your dust system for everything else. How big is your shop? Combustible Dust - Size of shop doesn’t matter, size of dust does. NFPA 664 larger than 5,000 sq ft or collector greater than 1500 cfm OSHA can inspect any facility (reduced FINES for smaller shops). Housekeeping Essential in any size shop - Less than 10 employee’s maybe safe from OSHA recording standards, but not Fire Marshall or Insurance Co. Ever have that cloud of dust in your shop from changing a bag or emptying a drum on a collector? Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Can it happen in my shop? Firefighters put out sawdust fire at Cole Hardwood September, 12 2009 LOGANSPORT, IN – No injuries were reported fire that damaged a silo. The reported 42,000-cubic-foot silo held sawdust that was burned as fuel to generate steam heat for the company’s dry kilns. The newspaper quoted co-owner of the lumber company, as saying that safety valves integrated into the dust collection system prevented a potential serious explosion. “I’m just happy no one got hurt,”. Source: http://www.iswonline.com/IndustryNewsLanding/tabid/61/Default.aspx?tid=2&ContentID=834779 Dust Causes Plant Fire In Mason City September 23, 2009, MASON CITY, Iowa (AP) — Authorities say no one was injured in a small fire that forced the evacuation of a door manufacturing plant in Mason City. Fire Capt. says sawdust caught fire and the spark was probably caused by some machinery. http://www.chem.info/ShowPR~PUBCODE~075~ACCT~0000100~ISSUE~0909~ORIGRELTYPE~TJI~RELTYPE~PR~PRODCODE~0000~PRODLETT~JY.htm Local business evacuated for fire November 3, 2009 WQOW TV News 18 - Eau Claire,USA "The fire was contained to the dust collection system, caused probably by a spark, some sort of spark from one of the motors in the system. http://www.wqow.com/Global/story.asp?S=11436558 Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Prevention (based on OSHA – ANPR) Hazard Assessment Engineering Controls Housekeeping Building Design Explosion Protection Operating Procedures Worker Training Source OSHA ANPR Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Prevention - Hazard Assessment Recognition Assessment Communication HazCom Standard, MSDS Industry Standards NFPA State and Local Codes Source OSHA ANPR Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Prevention – Engineering Controls Fixed measures that are built into a facility or processing equipment to remove or minimize hazard. Primary (building, facility) Prevent accumulation of dust on surfaces - beams Secondary (equipment) Dust Collection Systems Sprinkler system Administrative Controls Written rules and procedures Source OSHA ANPR Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Prevention - Housekeeping Good Housekeeping What is fugitive dust? Dust layers as thin as 1/32 of an inch, so if you see dust, don’t ignore it. Clean it up and examine where it’s coming from. Seal all openings in processing and conveying equipment to prevent the release of dust. When you inspect your workplace also consider overhead beams, electrical cable trays, lighting fixtures, and “invisible” areas such as areas above false ceilings. – Source NFPA http://www.nfpa.org/publicJournalDetail.asp?categoryID=1691&itemID=40964&src=NFPAJournal Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Prevention - Housekeeping Dust Collectors – Clean it Up! Explosion Relief – Deflagration Venting NFPA 68 Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af4IANnITeM&NR=1 Dust Collectors NFPA 664 larger than 5,000 sq ft or collector greater than 1500 cfm) Changing filters, bags, tightening clamps. Sprinklers – Test, Test, Test Building Dust Collectors and Ductwork Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Appendix A Combustible Dust in Industry: Preventing and Mitigating the Effects of Fire and Explosions Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Appendix B Hazard Alert: Combustible Dust Explosions. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2008, March) Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Appendix C Hazard Communication Guidance for Combustible Dusts OSHA 3371-08 2009 Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Appendix D OSHA ANPR Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Appendix E Status Report on Combustible Dust National Emphasis Program Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Appendix F Congress Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Appendix G FM Global – an Insurer’s View Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only

Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only Resources OSHA – Occupational Safety & Health Administration - http://www.osha.gov/ Combustible Dust: http://www.osha.gov/dsg/combustibledust/index.html OSHA Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2009/pdf/E9-25075.pdf Congress - http://thomas.loc.gov/ NFPA - http://www.nfpa.org NFPA 68: Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=68 NFPA 654: Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=654 NFPA 664: Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=664 US Chemical Safety Board - http://www.chemsafety.gov/ Imperial Sugar Company Dust Explosion and Fire http://www.chemsafety.gov/investigations/detail.aspx?SID=6 Insurance Company - http://www.fmglobal.com (registration required) Loss Prevention Data Sheet 7-73, Dust Collectors and Collection Systems Loss Prevention Data Sheet 7-76, Prevention and Mitigation of Combustible Dust Explosions and Fires Combustible Dust Policy Institute http://dustexplosions.blogspot.com/ Linkedin - The Combustible Dust Forum http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=946657&trk=myg_ugrp_ovr Building Code Reference Library http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/building-codes Air Handling Systems - Copyright 2009 For informational use only