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PresentationExpress The Union in Crisis (1846–1861) Witness History: Can Slavery be Regulated in the Territories? Slavery, States’ Rights, and Western Expansion A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis Lincoln, Secession, and War Click a subsection to advance to that particular section. Advance through the slide show using your mouse or the space bar. The Union in Crisis (1846-1861)

Sec 1: Slavery States’ Rights and Western Expansion Slavery Divides the Nation   Main Idea: From the nation’s earliest days, the issue of slavery divided Americans. As the nation expanded, the problem became more pressing. Southerners believed slavery should be allowed in the new western territories; many northerners believed it should not. The Election of 1848 Main Idea: In the 1848 presidential campaign, both Democrats and Whigs split over the question of whether to limit the expansion of slavery. New political factions emerged, with slavery at the center of debate. A Compromise Avoids a Crisis Main Idea: Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850 offered concessions to both the South and the North and suggested that popular sovereignty should decide the slavery issue in the Utah and New Mexico territories. Senate Adopts the Compromise of 1850 Main Idea: In an attempt to ward off division among the states, the Senate adopted the Compromise of 1850. Though the legislation restored calm for the moment, it carried the seeds of new crises to come. Continued… Sec 1: Slavery States’ Rights and Western Expansion

Sec 1: Slavery States’ Rights and Western Expansion (con’t) Slavery, States’ Rights, and Western Expansion (continued…) Witness History: Why Limit Slavery Only in the Territories? Note Taking: Reading Skill: Categorize Color Transparencies: The Slavery Issue Chart: Clay’s Compromise of 1850 Comparing Viewpoints: Should the Union be saved? Progress Monitoring Transparency Sec 1: Slavery States’ Rights and Western Expansion (con’t)

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Categorize

Transparency: The Slavery Issue

Chart: Clay’s Compromise of 1850

Comparing Viewpoints: Should the Union be saved?

Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 1 PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Answer C A Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 1

Sec 2: A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act Main Idea: The Compromise of 1850 was meant to calm the fears of Americans. But one provision, the new Fugitive Slave Act, had the opposite effect. Black Americans and abolitionists despised the law and organized to try to help enslaved people to freedom through the Underground Railroad. The Kansas-Nebraska Act Undoes the Missouri Compromise Main Idea: Although Congress meant well, its repeated attempts to resolve the question of slavery resulted in a jumble of contradictory, and often unenforceable, policies. A Battle Rages in “Bleeding Kansas” Main Idea: Kansas attracted not only farmers but settlers with political motives. Violence erupted between abolitionists and proslavery settlers and eventually spread to the Senate. Witness History: Slavery and Union Note Taking: Reading Skill: Understand Effects Color Transparencies: Bleeding Kansas Continued… Sec 2: A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence

Sec 2: A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence (con’t) A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence (continued…) Note Taking: Reading Skill: Understand Effects Geography Interactive: Territories Open to Slavery Geography Interactive: Confrontation in Kansas Progress Monitoring Transparency Sec 2: A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence (con’t)

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Understand Effects

Transparency: Bleeding Kansas

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Understand Effects

Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 2 PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Answer C A Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 2

Sec 3: Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis The Shifting Political Scene   Main Idea: Traditionally, American political parties extended across sectional lines. But starting in the 1840s, American politics increasingly reflected regional tensions, especially over the issue of slavery. Sectional Divisions Intensify Main Idea: For many years, the North and South tried to ignore or patch over their differences. But by the mid-1850s, the dispute over slavery caused sectional differences to intensify. The Lincoln-Douglas Debate Main Idea: In 1858, Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln held a series of seven debates while competing for a seat in the U.S. Senate. Thousands of Americans attended the Lincoln-Douglas debates and listened intently as the two candidates presented opposing views of slavery and its role in America. John Brown’s Raid Main Idea: Abolitionist John Brown concluded that violence was the best way to reach his goal of avenging the evil of slavery. In 1859, he and 21 followers seized the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. However, federal troops ended the attack, and Brown was eventually executed. Continued… Sec 3: Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis

Sec 3: Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis (con’t) Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis (continued…) Witness History: A House Divided Note Taking: Reading Skill: Sequence Chart: American Political Parties During the 1850s Color Transparencies: Political Cartoons: The Nation Divided Progress Monitoring Transparency Sec 3: Political Realignment Deepens the Crisis (con’t)

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Sequence

Chart: American Political Parties During the 1850s

Political Cartoons: The Nation Divided TRANSPARENCY Political Cartoons: The Nation Divided

Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 3 PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Answer C A Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 3

Sec 4: Lincoln Secession and War The Election of 1860 Main Idea: The Election of 1860 was a turning point for the United States. The election demonstrated that there were no longer any national political parties. The North and South were now effectively two political entities, and there seemed no way to bridge the gap. The Union Collapses Main Idea: Southerners were outraged that a President could be elected without a single southern vote. In Southerners’ perception, the South no longer had a voice in the national government. They decided to act by leaving the Union and forming the Confederacy. The Civil War Begins Main Idea: The Confederates attacked Fort Sumter, hoping to seize it from Union hands. Lincoln declared that “insurrection” existed and called for 75,000 volunteers to fight against the Confederacy. Witness History: The President Falters Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects Chart: The Candidates for President Continued… Sec 4: Lincoln Secession and War

Sec 4: Lincoln Secession and War (con’t) Lincoln, Secession, and War (continued…) History Interactive: More Information about the election of 1860 Color Transparencies: Forming the Confederacy Geography Interactive: Slavery and Secession Progress Monitoring Transparency Sec 4: Lincoln Secession and War (con’t)

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects

Chart: The Candidates for President

Transparency: Forming the Confederacy

Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 4 PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Answer C A Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 4