Gold or Poison? Gold, Silver, Palladium, Platinum and base metals- Copper, Lead, Zinc, and Tin … Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Beryllium, Brominated flame retardants, Polluting polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic…

Where do WEEE go? Landfill or incineration (contaminate soil, ground water and air.) “Recycle” (Under this name, 50-80% e- waste are exported in US.)

China

India

Pakistan

Ghana

Nigeria

Environmental Kuznets Curve

“Comparative Advantage” Cheap labor Loose environmental regulation - Pollution Heaven Hypothesis “Differences in the stringency of environmental regulations between the developed and the developing countries will provide the latter with a comparative advantage in pollution intensive production. ”(Cole,2003)

Extended Producer Responsibility

Informal Sector

Formal Sector

Informal Sector Formal Sector

Proposed future scenario

Thank you!