 Today we are going to investigate diseases which interfere with the quality of people’s lives.  The two major categories are communicable and chronic.  By the end of the lesson, you will be able to tell the difference between the categories and identify ways to reduce the transmission of those considered communicable.

 Definition  Condition that affects the proper functioning of the body or mind

 A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment, often through “contaminated” (unclean or polluted) water.  Another term for these diseases are “contagious” (they can be caught from others)

 Pathogen: also know as germs  Four Main Classes 1. Viruses- tiny, nonliving particles that invade and take over healthy cells  Examples – AIDS, immune disorder, hepatitis  Also – common cold, flu, and measles

2. Bacteria – extremely small, single-celled organisms with no cell nucleus  Examples – strep throat and Lyme disease 3. Protozoa – single-celled organisms that have a nucleus  Parasites – attach to healthy cells and rob nutrients ▪ Example – Malaria which is spread by mosquitos

4. Fungi – single-celled or many celled organisms that cannot make their own food  Breakdown other living organisms and absorb their nutrients  Examples – athlete’s foot and ringworm

 Also referred to as “non-communicable” because these diseases can’t be spread from one living organism to another.  An illness which is ongoing. These diseases are also referred to a “degenerative” because they break down organs.  They may be “progressive”, meaning the person will continue to get worse unless there is medical care.

 Also known as chronic (long lasting)  Causes  Poor health habits  Lack of physical activity  Being overweight  Eating foods high in fat  Person’s environment (Lung disease)  Heredity (allergies)  Some chronic diseases are present at birth

 Are the following diseases Communicable or Chronic? 1. Food Poisoning11. Lyme Disease 2. Diabetes Type II12. Influenza 3. Asthma13. Rabies 4. Chicken Pox14. Cold 5. Tetanus15. Alzheimer’s Disease 6. Heart Disease16. Skin Cancer 7. Polio17. Smallpox 8. High Blood Pressure18. Osteoporosis 9. Mononucleosis19. Bronchitis 10. Arthritis20. Lung Cancer

CommunicableChronic Food poisoningDiabetes type II Lyme diseaseAsthma InfluenzaHeart disease Chicken poxHigh blood pressure SmallpoxArthritis TetanusAlzheimer’s disease RabiesSkin cancer PolioOsteoporosis ColdBronchitis MononucleosisLung cancer

 Direct physical contact (shaking hands)  Indirect contact (travels through the air)  Eating contaminated food or water ( food poisoning )  Contact with animals or insects

Examples of Spread of Illness Stepping on a nail and getting tetanus  An unborn child getting infected from mother during pregnancy  An animal bite or scratch Direct Contact How to Prevent  Receive tetanus shots and keep cuts clean  Extra precautions taken by women who are pregnant  Avoid animals unknown to you; seek medical care for animal bite

Examples of Spread of Illness 1. Contaminated objects Sharing school materials with another child, touching doorknobs or desktops touched by someone who is ill. 2. Other organism (vectors) Being bitten by mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, or flies. Diseases include malaria, hantavirus, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Indirect Contact How to Prevent  Avoid touching your face or rubbing your eyes.  Stay home when sick.  Avoid others who are sick.  Get sufficient rest and sleep.  Wash hands often (especially before eating food and after using restroom).  Check body and clothing for parasites such as ticks when coming in from outside.  Report the bite of any insect to an adult.

3. Contaminated food Happens when food is improperly handled or stored or not cooked well enough. Diseases include salmonella, botulism, ecoli. 4. Contaminated water Drinking water from unclean sources or eating food prepared in unclean water. Hepatitis A is an example. Indirect Contact  Wash hands before eating or preparing food.  Keep cold food cold and hot food hot.  Do not eat perishable foods not been refrigerated for two hours.  Wash foods before eating.  Be certain water source is not contaminated.  Do not drink from creeks, rivers or lakes.

Examples of Spread of Illness  Pathogens for flu and tuberculosis are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes; can travel 10 feet. Airborne Transmission How to Prevent  Stay away from sick people.  Have a flu shot yearly.  Stay home when you are sick.

 Body’s Natural Barriers  Skin, tears, saliva, mucous, and stomach acid  Infection – result of pathogens or germs invading the body  Body temperature rises to kill the germs  Immune System – group of cells, tissues, and organs that fight disease  white blood cells and antibodies