Spanish II 4 th 9 week review Grammar

Presente perfecto

PRESENTE PERFECTO You form the present perfect by: conjugating the verb ‘Haber’ in the present tense and adding the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb. HABER+ PAST PARTICIPLE hehemos hashabéis hahan

PRESENTE PERFECTO PAST PARTICIPLE To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs). (ex: he hablado, he comido, he vivido) **Remember, some past participles are irregular. **

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) poner (to put) puesto (put) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

PRESENTE PERFECTO PRESENTE PERFECTO The following common verbs have irregular past participles: abrir (to open) abierto (open) poner (to put) puesto (put) decir (to say) dicho (said) volver (to return) vuelto (returned) hacer (to do) hecho (done) devolver (to return ) devuelto ( returned ) escribir (to write) escrito (written) romper (to break) roto (broken)

COMPARACIONES DE IGUALDAD comparison of equality of nouns or adjectives.

COMPARACIONES DE IGUALDAD (comparison of equality of nouns or adjectives.) To form the comparisons of equality using adjectives or adverbs, use the following formula:  tan + adjective (adverb) + como Ella es tan alta como yo.

COMPARACIONES DE IGUALDAD (comparison of equality of nouns or adjectives.) To form comparisons of equality with nouns, use the following formula:  tanto(-a,-os,-as) + noun + como Yo tengo tantas clases como ella.

COMPARACIONES DE IGUALDAD (comparison of equality of nouns or adjectives.) When actions (not things) are being compared, and there is no adjective, use: verb + tanto + como When actions (not things) are being compared, and there is an adjective, use: verb + tan + adjective (masculine form) + como

IMPERFECTO PROGRESIVO (Imperfect Progressive)

IMPERFECT PROGRESSIVE You form the imperfect progressive by: conjugating the verb ‘Estar’ in the imperfect tense and adding the PRESENT PARTICIPLE of the main verb. ESTAR+ PRESENT PARTICIPLE estaba estábamos estabas estabais estaba estaban

IMPERFECT PARTICIPLE The present participle (gerund) is formed with the stem of the verb plus  -ando (for -ar verbs) or  -iendo (for -er and -ir verbs). For example: estaba hablando **If the verb has 2 vowels convert the “i” in ‘iendo to a “y”

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns).

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos esta estas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esa esas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos esta estas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esa esas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos esta estas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esa esas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esa esas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esa esas Allá (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esa esas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esa esas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esaesas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esaesas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esaesas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esaesas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquella aquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esaesas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquellaaquellas M F M M F F M M M F F F

ADJETIVOS y PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS (Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns). Aquí (here) THIS este THESE estos estaestas Allí (there) THAT ese THOSE esos esaesas Alla (Over there) THAT (OVER THERE) aquel THOSE (OVER THERE) aquellos aquellaaquellas M F M M M M M F F F F F

LOS MANDATOS (COMMANDS.) EL IMPERATIVO

EL IMPERATIVO – MANDATOS FORMALES (Formal (Ud. / Uds.) Commands) The formal commands are formed as follows: Start with the yo form of the present indicative. Then drop the -o ending. Finally, add the following (opposite) endings: -ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.) -er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.) Note: Affirmative and negative commands use the same verb forms

The affirmative informal commands are formed the same way as the present tense Ud. form: hablar - ar + a  habla comer - er + e  come escribir - ir + e  escribe ****Be sure to note that the "tú" commands use the usted form, not the tú form!***** EL IMPERATIVO – MANDATOS INFORMALES (Informal or familiar (tú) Commands)

For most verbs, Negative informal commands are formed by following these three steps: Start with the yo form of the present indicative. Then drop the -o ending. Finally, add the following endings: -ar verbs:-es, -er and -ir verbs:-as EL IMPERATIVO – MANDATOS INFORMALES (Informal or familiar (tú) Commands)

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT CHART Direct and indirect object pronounsVerbo Direct and indirect object pronouns Verbo conjugado Infinitivo Presente Progresivo Mandatos afirmativo Mandatos negativos * Remember you always need an I.D. and NEVER “lay low” ( se lo, se la, se los & se las )

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT CHART Direct and indirect object pronounsVerbo Direct and indirect object pronouns Verbo conjugado Infinitivo Presente Progresivo Mandatos afirmativo Mandatos negativos * Remember you always need an I.D. and NEVER “lay low” ( se lo, se la, se los & se las )

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT CHART Direct and indirect object pronounsVerbo Direct and indirect object pronouns Verbo conjugado Infinitivo Presente Progresivo Mandatos afirmativo Mandatos negativos * Remember you always need an I.D. and NEVER “lay low” ( se lo, se la, se los & se las )

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT CHART Direct and indirect object pronounsVerbo Direct and indirect object pronouns Verbo conjugado Infinitivo Presente Progresivo Mandatos afirmativo Mandatos negativos * Remember you always need an I.D. and NEVER “lay low” ( se lo, se la, se los & se las )

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT CHART Direct and indirect object pronounsVerbo Direct and indirect object pronouns Verbo conjugado Infinitivo Imperfect /present Progresivo Mandatos afirmativo Mandatos negativos * Remember you always need an I.D. and NEVER “lay low” ( se lo, se la, se los & se las )

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT CHART Direct and indirect object pronounsVerbo Direct and indirect object pronouns Verbo conjugado Infinitivo Presente Progresivo Mandatos afirmativo Mandatos negativos * Remember you always need an I.D. and NEVER “lay low” ( se lo, se la, se los & se las )

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN PLACEMENT CHART Direct and indirect object pronounsVerbo Direct and indirect object pronouns Verbo conjugado Infinitivo Presente Progresivo Mandatos afirmativo Mandatos negativos * Remember you always need an I.D. and NEVER “lay low” ( se lo, se la, se los & se las )

Spanish II 4 th 9 week review Vocabulary

la herida  wound Vocabulario el paciente  patient la camilla  stretcher

el vendaje la picadura la pierna la puerta la radiografía la recepción  bandage  sting (insect)  leg  door  x-rays  Reception Vocabulario

la sala de urgencias La sala de emergencia la salida la silla de ruedas  emergency room  exit  wheel chair Vocabulario

las muletas llevar(la) Revisar Tomar rápidamente solamente  crutches  to carry, to wear  to revise, check  to take, to drink  rapidly  only Vocabulario

nunca con / sin ningún otro todo para / por cada  never  with / without  none  other  every, all  for*  each Vocabulario