READING: THE PROPERTIES OF WATER Unit 11 The water planet READING: THE PROPERTIES OF WATER

Activity 1. Structure of the passage PRE-READING Activity 1. Structure of the passage A: 1 minute to skim the passage, focusing on the titles (title and subtitles)in the text and then fill in the chart below. You donot need to read the whole text. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE SALINITY THE PROPERTIES OF WATER OCEAN MOTION DENSITY HEAT CAPACITY

What can_________ be compared to? B: Use the topic of each paragraph and the structure above to make six questions. Work in groups and fill in the questions. Write down your answers and anything else you know about the topic. What is / are_________? What can_________ be compared to? What does ________ look like? How does________work? What are different parts of_________? What are some examples of________?

Activity 2. Word Study freezing dissolve range float decrease absorb A: Look at the titles of the reading. Which of the following words do you think will be in the reading passage when we talk about this topic. freezing dissolve range float decrease absorb sensitive stable

range: to vary within specified limits freezing: dissolve: to reduce (solid matter) to liquid form; melt float: to cause to remain suspended without sinking or falling decrease: to grow or cause to grow gradually less or smaller, as in number, amount absorb: to take something in stable: resistant to change of position or condition sensitive: responsive to external conditions or stimulation

Chemical Physical molecule atom oxygen hydrogen solid (kilo)gramme B: Look at the words below and put them into the correct column. You may refer to the “Vocabulary” part in the book. Chemical Physical molecule atom oxygen hydrogen solid (kilo)gramme density mass volume cubic capacity substance centigrade dense gallon motion

pure atom hydrogen unique solid oxygen absorb mass centigrade float C: Word study P20 1. The letters of the following words have been mixed up. Put the letters in the correct order. pure atom 1 otma ____________ 2 quicnu ___________ 3 sdlio ____________ 4 oasbrb ___________ 5 cgmetidea ___________ 6 rupe ___________ 7 nhroygde __________ 8 yoxgen ____________ 9 assm ___________ 10 fatol ___________ hydrogen unique solid oxygen absorb mass centigrade float

Activity 3. Finding Topic Sentences READING: Topic Sentence of the text: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: 7 Learning about the properties of water helps us understand life on our planet. Topic Sentence of CHEMICAL STRUCTURE: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: 2 The chemical structure of water makes it an excellent medium for life. Topic Sentence of SALINITY: Paragraph: ______ Sentence: 3 The salinity of the earth's oceans is about thirty-five parts per thousand, meaning that there are about thirty-five grammes of dissolved solids and gases in one kilogramme of water.

4 5 6 Topic Sentence of DENSITY: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: The density of pure water is 1,000 kg/m3, meaning that one cubic metre of water weighs one thousand kilogrammes. Topic Sentence of HEAT CAPACITY: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: 5       Heat capacity is the mount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree centigrade. Topic Sentence of OCEAN MOTION: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: 6 Since changes in salinity and temperature affect water's density, the water in the ocean is always moving.

Activity 4. Comprehension A Paragraph 1. marine life: (definition based on the text) Ninety-nine percent of the living space on earth is in the oceans. incredibly: unbelievably doubtfully extremely questionably √ √ Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like sharks and whales. (paraphrase) __________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2.   H2O:2_______________ + 1____________ = 1___________  Hydrogen Atoms Oxygen Atom H2O Molecule medium: average channel means condition √ polar: + – ↑ ↓ √ √ positive end: + – ↑ ↓ √ negative end: + – ↑ ↓ √ Normal state of water: solid liquid gas √

Why is the chemical structure of water important? 1. Because water is polar, it can break down both solids and gases. 2.The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly become available to other living creatures. 3. The chemical structure of water also makes it different from almost everything else on earth. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly become available to other living creatures. (paraphrase) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

kilogrammes per cubic metre Paragraph 3. sea water (salt water) = ________________+ ________________+_________________   salinity of sea water affects: ___________and____________________ dissolved gases dissolved solids pure water weight freezing point √ salinity of sea water: 35‰ 35% Paragraph 4. Factors of density: ___________and _______________ Unit of density: _____________ = ________________________________ Density of pure water: ____________________= ______________________________________________________________ When water freezes, its density decreases. If it did not, the oceans would be frozen solid. (paraphrase) ______________________________________________________________________________ mass volume kg/m3 kilogrammes per cubic metre 1,000 kg/m3 one cubic metre of water weighs one thousand kilogrammes

significance of water to nature Paragraph 5. Heat capacity: water temperature substanc energy √ Opposite word/phrase of absorb: give off change create √ Paragraph 6. How does the water in the ocean move? Dense water sinks and less dense water is pushed to the surface. Paragraph 7. Main idea: ________________________________ Water, which seems so simple and common, is what makes life possible. Of all the resources on earth -- oil, gas, gold and so on -- nothing is as precious as a drop of rain. (paraphrase) ______________________________________________________________________________ significance of water to nature

Activity 4. Comprehension B POST-READING Activity 4. Comprehension B Complete the chart below. P21 Property What is it? What is it good for? Chemical structure   Density Heat capacity

Activity 5. Language Study Word study P21 2 Fill in the blanks with the proper words. The first letter has been given. hydrogen 1 The water molecule is made up of two h___________ atoms and one o________ atom. 2 Water is a liquid at room temperature, but it turns into a s________ when the temperature drops below 0℃ and into a gas when heated above 100℃. 3 The soil can a__________ water, so it helps to keep water from flowing away. 4 Marine scientists study the r_____________ between living creatures and their habitat in the ocean. 5 Life in the oceans appears in different sizes, r__________ from the tiniest fish all the way up to the biggest blue whales. 6 Oil has a density lower than 1,000 kg/m3, so it will f_____on water. oxygen solid absorb relationship ranging float

Activity 6. Summary Features of Science Exposition： A. Sentence Structure: B. Vocabulary: C. Tense: D. Text Structure:

INTEGRATING SKILLS READING: NATURE'S NURSERY: ESTUARIES

Activity 1. Finding Topic Sentences Topic Sentence of Paragraph: _____ Sentence: 1 As the oceans are the source of life on earth, the estuaries are our planet's nurseries. Topic Sentence of Paragraph: _____ Sentence: 2 Estuaries are great places for nature's young ones. Topic Sentence of Paragraph: _____ Sentence: 3 Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients and pollutants from water coming from inland sources, thus cleaning our water. Topic Sentence of Paragraph: _____ Sentence: 4 Estuaries provide both recreation and education for human beings.

Activity 2. Structure of the passage 1 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 √

Activity 3. Answering the questions 1 Why are estuaries such good places for nature's young ones? 2 What does density mean in this passage? 3 How do estuaries affect the water that passes through them? 4 Why are estuaries more sensitive to pollution than other areas? 5 Why are estuaries important to human beings?

Activity 4. Word Study the body of water where a river pollutant meets the ocean b. warm-blooded vertebrate animals to generate (offspring) by sexual or asexual means. something that pollutes, especially a waste material e. the process of eroding or the condition of being eroded f. refreshment of one's mind or body after work through activity that amuses or stimulates pollutant estuary recreation mammal reproduce erosion

Provide…for The company will provide food and drink for them. 2. Have an opportunity to do… I have an opportunity to discuss the problem with her yesterday. 3. A variety of He left for a variety of reasons. There are a variety of patterns for you to choose from.

deep adj, adv The box is 2 meters deep. Frogs go deep under the mud. He often works deep into the night. deep 深地 deeply 抽象意义“深深地, 深厚地, 深切地” I’m deeply moved by what he said. he was deeply hurt. The war and its misery made him suffer deeply.

Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients and pollutants from water coming from inland sources, thus cleaning our water. Thus作“因此; 这样” 解,意思接近so. 后面的creating a stable environment 是现在分词作结果状语.现在分词作结果状语,一般放句尾,往往用逗号隔开,前面可以加上thus(这样), therefore(因此),hence(由此), consequently(因而) 等副词,表示一种自然而然的结果.

4. Contribute to 为…贡献; 有助于… His work has contributed to our understanding of his difficult subject. Habitat 栖息地; 产地 Habit 习惯 The polar region is the habitat of the polar bear. I prefer to see animals in their natural habit, rather than in zoos.