4.1 Introduction to Solutions

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Presentation transcript:

4.1 Introduction to Solutions SCH 3U Unit 3: Solutions and Solubility

Defining a Solution HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE Examples: Sugar and water, salt in water.

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE Example: Zn in Pb(NO3)2 (aq) CaCO3 in water Zn in Pb(NO3)2(aq) CaCO3 in water

Homogeneous (FeCl2 in water) Heterogeneous (Fe2O3 in water)

SOLUTIONS Homogeneous mixture of substances composed of at least one solute (such as NaCl) and one solvent (such as water). Solvent – Solute

Examples – Gas solute Gas in gas Gas in liquid O2 in N2 (air) O2 in H2O CO2 in H2O Gas in liquid

O2 in H2O(s) Gas in solid http://www.flyjimair.com/images/gallery/lg/glacier/ice.jpg

Examples – Liquid Solute H2O in air Liquid in gas NEVER DRINK ANTIFREEZE! CH3OH in H2O Liquid in liquid

Liquid in solid

Examples – Solid Solute CuSO4 in H2O Sn in Cu

Solute in Solvent Example of Solution Gas in Gas Oxygen in nitrogen (air) Gas in Liquid Oxygen in water (tap water) Gas in Solid Oxygen in Solid water (ice) Liquid in Gas Water in air (humidity) Liquid in Liquid Methanol in water (antifreeze) Liquid in Solid Mercury in silver (tooth fillings) Solid in Liquid Copper sulfate in water Solid in Solid Tin in copper (bronze)

CATEGORIES OF SOLUTIONS Solutions can be categorized based on three factors – What their solvent is. If they can conduct electricity Acidity

Solvent: The solvent may be alcohol, benzene, octane…etc. These solutions are not aqueous. CuSO4(aq) - Copper sulfate dissolved water. C2H5OH(aq) - Liquid ethanol dissolved water. I2(al) - Solid Iodine dissolved in alcohol

Electrolytic Solutions Solute IONIZES in solvent, and the ions conduct electricity. Ions in solution are also called ELECTROLYTES. Examples of electrolytic solutions NaCl(aq) KBr(aq) NaOH(aq) Acids (HNO3(aq), HCl(aq), H2SO4(aq)) Examples of non-electrolytic solutions CH3OH (aq) - most hydrocarbons

Human body full of ions in water based solvent. We have an Electrolytic Solution in our bodies = GOOD ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS

Acidic (pH <7) Sol’n contains hydronium (H3O+) ions. Turns Litmus paper RED ELECTROLYTIC Basic (pH >7) Soln contains hydroxide (OH-) ions. Turns Litmus paper BLUE Neutral (pH = 7)Soln has same [H3O+] and [OH-] NON ELECTROLYTIC.

Saturation Saturated Solution – Unsaturated solution – a solution that could dissolve more solute. Supersaturated solution –