Equipment and apparatuses for growing crystals by hydrothermal method Shvanskiy P.P., Pereverzev D.V. Shvanskiy P.P., Pereverzev D.V. Arkhipov M.A., Romanov L.N. Arkhipov M.A., Romanov L.N. Russian Research Institute for the Synthesis of Materials (VNIISIMS), Russian Research Institute for the Synthesis of Materials (VNIISIMS), Quartz Palitra Ltd. Quartz Palitra Ltd. 1, Institutskaya St., Alexandrov , Vladimir Region, Russia

Requirements to growth equipment working under hydrothermal conditions T - up to 600 ° C T - up to 600 ° C P - up to 180 MPa P - up to 180 MPa Aggressive influence on the equipment (excited environment) Aggressive influence on the equipment (excited environment)

Twin vessels 1 – vessel with charge 1 – vessel with charge 2- vessel with seeds 2- vessel with seeds 1 2

High pressure vessel Solution flow pipes Solution flow pipes

High pressure vessel model High pressure vessel model Т1Т1 Т2Т2 ∆ T = Т 2 - Т 1

Laboratory vessel from heat- resistant steel, l volume Working temperature,°C Working temperature,°C Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:10 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:10 Weight, kg - 2 Weight, kg - 2

Laboratory vessel made of heat- resistant alloy, 0.26 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa Working pressure, MPa Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:11 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:11 Weight, kg - 26 Weight, kg - 26

Laboratory vessel from corrosion- proof steel, 0.3 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa Working pressure, MPa Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:19 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:19 Weight, kg - 63 Weight, kg - 63

Laboratory vessel from heat-resistant steel, 0.5 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa Working pressure, MPa Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:6 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:6 Weight, kg - 19 Weight, kg - 19

Laboratory vessel with fluoroplastic lining, 0.3 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa - 66 Working pressure, MPa - 66 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:7,5 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:7,5 Weight, kg - 19 Weight, kg - 19

Laboratory vessel made of corrosion-proof alloy, 0.5 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Weight, kg - 21 Weight, kg - 21

Laboratory vessel made of heat- resistant alloy, 24 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa Working pressure, MPa Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:20 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:20 Weight, kg Weight, kg

Industrial solid-forged vessel, 1000 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa Working pressure, MPa Ratio of inner diameter to working space height Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:18 - 1:18 Weight, kg Weight, kg

Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with one welded seam Working temperature,°C 0–400 Working temperature,°C 0–400 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Weight, kg Weight, kg

Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with two welded seams Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MPa - 70 Working pressure, MPa - 70 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9 Weight, kg Weight, kg

Industrial solid-forged vessel, 3500 l volume Working temperature, °C Working temperature, °C Working pressure, MРa Working pressure, MРa Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:13 Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:13 Weight, kg Weight, kg

200-liter vessel-lining inside a 1000 L vessel The floating vessel - liner from of corrosion-proof alloy in capacity of 200 litres is in a vessel of a high pressure

525 liter vessel-lining inside a 1500 L vessel The floating vessel - liner from of corrosion-proof alloy in capacity of 525 litres is in a vessel of a high pressure

Self-sealing gate with double conic sealing For industrial vessel more 1000 l volume

Self-sealing gate of Ude- Bretschneider type For industrial vessel more 1000 l volume

Gate with forced sealing For laboratory vessel up to 1.0 l volume

Manufacture of high pressure vessels for Tainan plant High pressure vessels with volume 3500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy. High pressure vessels with volume 3500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy. High pressure vessels with volume 1500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy. High pressure vessels with volume 1500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy.

Centering of metal packing ~120 tonnes weight

Rough processing of the packing

Preliminary processing of the vessel

Vessel cover preparation

Assembled high pressure vessel

Transportation of vessels to Tainan plant

On the truck platform

Installation of the vessels in Tainan plant (Taiwan)

Lifting of the vessel

Installation on growing site

Conclusion VNIISIMS HAS DESIGNED THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS WITH VOLUME FROM ML TO 4000 L WORKING AT TEMPERATURES UP TO 600 °C AND INNER PRESSURE UP TO 200 MPA VNIISIMS HAS DESIGNED THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS WITH VOLUME FROM ML TO 4000 L WORKING AT TEMPERATURES UP TO 600 °C AND INNER PRESSURE UP TO 200 MPA VNIISIMS CAN DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALL ANALOGOUS EQUIPMENT WITH CUSTOM-MADE PARAMETERS OF EXPLOITATION VNIISIMS CAN DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALL ANALOGOUS EQUIPMENT WITH CUSTOM-MADE PARAMETERS OF EXPLOITATION