Uses for Long-Running Distributed Transactions Object Management Group Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002 William Cox BEA Systems, Inc.

2OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Agenda Introduction About OASIS Salient Facts about BTP Web Service Aggregation Transactions and Web Services Applications of BTP Conclusions References

3OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Introduction Previous talks in this session have discussed –Why BTP? –What is BTP? This talk looks at BTP as an integration and business process implementer's tool BTP makes error-prone complex transactions easier to program Details of BTP transactions need not be visible to users of higher level APIs

4OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved What is OASIS? OASIS is a member-led consortium dedicated to building systems interoperability specifications OASIS focuses on industry applications of structured information standards, such as XML, SGML, and CGM. Members of OASIS are providers, users and specialists of standards-based technologies and include organizations, individuals and industry groups. –~200 organizational members, ~250 individual members International, not-for-profit, open, independent Successful through industry-wide collaboration Information courtesy OASIS (

5OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved OASIS Technical Work Sequence 1.Any three OASIS members propose creation of a technical committee (TC) 2.Existing technical work submitted to TC; or TC starts work at the beginning 3.TC conducts and completes technical work; open and publicly viewable 4.TC votes to approve work as an OASIS Committee Specification 5.TC votes to submit the Committee Specification to OASIS membership for consideration 6.OASIS membership reviews, approves the Committee Specification as an OASIS Standard Information courtesy OASIS ( BTP Status 3/2002

6OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved OASIS Business Transactions Technical Committee Founded under the OASIS process in March 2001 by BEA, Interwoven, and Sun, soon joined by others Current TC membership includes individual members of OASIS plus employees of Individual members include Bill Pope (Chair) and Mark Potts BEA SystemsBowstreetCodeMetamorphosis ChoreologyHPIona OracleSeeBeyondSun SybaseSystinet

7OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Salient Facts about BTP Atoms do (mostly) what atomic transactions do Cohesions do (mostly) what real business processes do in long-running interactions Compensating actions are a problem if too common BTP is useful as an implementing technology BTP is relatively low level and complex BTP is not the only solution in its problem domain

8OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Web Service Aggregation ag·gre·ga·tion Date: : a group, body, or mass composed of many distinct parts or individuals 2 a : the collecting of units or parts into a mass or whole b : the condition of being so collected (Webster.com) Tools for business processes Composition Workflows and choreographies

9OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Tools for Business Processes BEA Business Process Manager tool—Each element can be implemented by a web service, each workflow can be presented as a web service

10OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Tools for Business Processes (continued) WSFL does recursive composition in a similar manner, but all basic activities are web services Other modeling tools can do similar integration with web services Richer join semantics take better advantage of BTP

11OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Composition and Partial Selection Composition and transactions –A happens –B happens –Need both-or-neither semantic Partial selection –Some combination of A, B, … happens –One or more permutations, determined by business logic, determines success A B

12OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Workflows and Choreographies WSFL XLANG BPML Details of first three and BTP in Potts, Temel paper (see References) ebXML Business Process interactions Other proposed description languages All have similarities

13OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Example: WSFL Join Conditions Join conditions in WSFL are Boolean expressions Boolean optimization is by default off; “dead path elimination” addresses resulting problems Complex conditions can be implemented as the business logic in a cohesion; broader portions of the workflow as related cohesive elements

14OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Explicit and Implicit Transactions Explicit Transactions –Indicator of transactional semantics in description/graphical representation –Explicit boundaries of transactions placed in business logic Implicit Transactions –Joins as implicit transactions, grouped –Implement Boolean optimization as cohesions –Conditions may be harder to express –Other possible applications of transactions

15OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Web Services and Transactions WSDL doesn’t have transactional support SOAP or interfaces need to carry one or more of –Correlation ID –Conversation ID (for long-running conversations, not necessarily transactional—viz. WLStudio) –Transaction context ID (integer, for atomic single-site) –BTP Context (XML, more information) Placed in SOAP Header today; potential for conflicts as SOAP Header is used more and more

16OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Applications of BTP Direct uses include those in examples (e.g. shipping and supply) Indirectly, BTP can be a supporting technology for aggregations including composition, workflows, and choreography –BTP is not required, but is the sole technology approaching standardization in this space –Proprietary protocols including BEA XOCP, and those underlying XLANG, WSFL BTP simplifies the complexity of distributed agreement without making you “roll your own” So exactly when did you last completely code a dialog box?!— Speaker at this workshop

17OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved Conclusions Web services [recursive] aggregation is an important concept that deserves broad support BTP is a useful tool for integration and implementation of business processes and web services aggregation WSDL and SOAP need to expand to standardize conversation, correlation, and transaction IDs, BTP contexts

18OMG Web Services Workshop 6 March 2002Copyright 2002 BEA Systems, Inc All Rights Reserved References BTP Web site: Mark Potts & Sazi Temel, “Business Transactions in Workflow and Business Process Management” on BTP Web site XLANG: BPML: WSFL: