Biotechnology Combining Life Science and Technology.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
SL Biology Unit #6 Biotech
Advertisements

DNA Technology Terms to know: Recombinant DNA –Genes from different sources are combined and transferred into cells. Ex. Fungus resistance gene put into.
Biotechnology. LIKE History of Genetic Engineering Before technology, humans were using the process of selective breeding to produce the type of organism.
Karyotypes and Gene Technology How we study Genetics.
MODERN GENETICS. What is Cloning?  Making an exact genetic copy of a cell, organ or an organism  This process uses SOMATIC CELLS (non-sex cells) instead.
Genetic Engineering and The Human Genome
Biotechnology Techniques How to make Recombinant DNA Gel Electrophoresis PCR Summarize: What is this technique? Draw and label a diagram to show this technique.
Gene Technology Chapters 11 & 13. Gene Expression 0 Genome 0 Our complete genetic information 0 Gene expression 0 Turning parts of a chromosome “on” and.
Biotechnology. Early Biotechnology = using organisms or their cellular processes to improve the lives and health of people and the planet Has evolved.
Unit 8 test Biotech study guide.
The Clone Age Human Genome Project Recombinant DNA Gel Electrophoresis DNA fingerprints
 DNA is a double helix made of monomers called nucleotides.  There are 4 bases- A, T, C, G  DNA carries the code used by the cell to make proteins.
Biotechnology. Selective Breeding Nonrandom mating to select for characteristics in parents that are desired in the offspring. Eg. Breeding domestic animals,
Chapter 9 Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering Intent of altering human genome
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING. BIOTECHNOLOGY A new field of science that uses organisms or their products to improve medicine, healthcare, and.
Ch. 13 Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering: Genetic Engineering: process of altering biological systems by the purposeful manipulation of DNA Applications:
Biotechnology pp WHAT IS IT?  Biotechnology : the application of technology to better use DNA and biology.
DNA Technology.
Genetic Engineering. What is genetic engineering? Application of molecular genetics for practical purposes Used to – identify genes for specific traits.
Biotechnology Exploring the source and exploitation of genetic alterations.
DNA Biotechnology. Cloning A clone is a group of living organisms that come from one parent and are genetically identical Can occur naturally or artificially.
Genetic Engineering Why and how do we manipulate genetics?
Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology What we can do with genes.
DNA Technology Chapter 11. Genetic Technology- Terms to Know Genetic engineering- Genetic engineering- Recombinant DNA- DNA made from 2 or more organisms.
Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering is the process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms. Genetic Engineering and DNA Technology can.
Chapter 20: Terms to Know Genetic engineering Biotechnology
Ch. 13 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING.
Manipulating DNA. Scientists use their knowledge of the structure of DNA and its chemical properties to study and change DNA molecules Different techniques.
Biotechnology Notes Unit 3 IN 81
NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology (“Biotech”)
DNA Technologies Chapter 13. What is biotechnology? Biotechnology- is the use of organisms to perform practical tasks for humans – Analysis – Manipulation.
CH. 20 WARM-UP Share 3 things you are grateful for. Use your textbook (Ch. 20) to answer the following review questions. 1. What is recombinant DNA? 2.
DNA Technology How DNA is Analyzed in today’s world?
Vocab review Unit 8 - biotechnology. 1. Organism that has acquired genetic material by artificial means.
DNA Technology Biology 6(H). Learning Objectives Describe common DNA technology techniques Identify how each technique is used to study or manipulate.
Biotechnology You Will Learn About… Transformation Cloning DNA Fingerprinting by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) What is the name of the.
Gene Technology Chapter 9. “I Can” Statements I can explain how restriction enzymes can be used to make recombinant DNA. I can explain how bacteria can.
3.5 GENETIC MODIFICATION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. UNDERSTANDING Gel electrophoresis is used to separate proteins of fragments of DNA according to size PCR can.
Gene Technologies and Human Applications The Human Genome Genomics: The study of entire genomes, especially by using technology to compare genes.
Biotechnology  Biotechnology involves human manipulation of the genetic code.  Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating genes for practical.
Biotechnology Combining Life Science and Technology.
DNA technology and Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering: Process of making changes in an organism’s DNA –Different than selective breeding….. –We physically.
BIOTECHNOLOGY Gene Sequencing (Human Genome Project) Cloning Stem Cell Research Gene Therapy DNA Fingerprinting (and other Forensics applications)
GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES (GENETIC ENGINEERING). CLONING What: Making an exact genetic copy of an organism Why: Medicine, Stem Cells, Farming, Endangered Species.
Genetic Technology and Ethics
Using molecular genetics for practical purposes
Genetic Engineering Biotechnology
DNA - Biotechnology.
Chapter 13 Frontiers of Genetics.
Chapter 20: Terms to Know Genetic engineering Biotechnology
DNA Technology Ch 13.
Biotechnology Genetic Engineering.
The practical use and application of biology.
DNA Technology & GMO Technology
Union Academy Charter School
DNA Tools & Biotechnology
Biotechnology EOC review
Using molecular genetics for practical purposes
DNA Tools & Biotechnology
Must first identify the genome of the organism= all genes within the species
Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering is the process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms. Genetic Engineering and DNA Technology can.
DNA Technology.
This tobacco plant has been genetically altered so that it contains a firefly gene, which makes it glow. Define genetic engineering in your own words.
Genetic Engineering.
Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic Engineering.
Biotechnology Notes Unit 3 IN 81
Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 $100
Presentation transcript:

Biotechnology Combining Life Science and Technology

DNA Fingerprinting  Is not the same as taking a print from the fingers.  What does DNA Fingerprinting produce?  It produces a pattern of dark bands that is unique for each individual.  What is DNA Fingerprinting used for?  1. Criminal cases-- identifying crime scene DNA  2. Paternity cases-- finding out who the parents of a child are  3. sorting Recombinant vs. Nonrecombinant DNA

What are the steps to making a DNA fingerprint?  1. Obtain a biological sample from..  Blood, hair, semen, saliva, skin cells  2. Cut the DNA into segments using...  Restriction enzymes  3. Use gel electrophoresis to sort the sections of DNA by size

What is gel electrophoresis? A process for measuring DNA segments using the gel and electricity to make the DNA separate according to size.

Explain how gel electrophoresis works. DNA samples are loaded into wells in the gel using.. Micropipetters The current is turned on allowing the DNA to move through the gel toward the.. Positive end of the gel because DNA has a negative charge.

How are the bands created? DNA segments travel different distances depending on their... Size (length) Describe how long vs. short pieces move. Longer segments move shorter distances because they move more slowly through the gel Shorter segments move fastest and go... the greatest distance away from the start.

What is the gel made of? Agarose powder and buffer solution What does the gel have that makes it good for separating the DNA? There are holes (spaces) in the gel that the segments have to go through (like a filter) Why is buffer used? To conduct electricity through the gel

What is PCR? Polymerase Chain Reaction What is it used for? It is used to copy a DNA sample so that there is more of it for testing. Example: Crime scene may only yield a small amount of skin cells or a drop of blood. PCR replicates the sample so that they can complete many tests on the sample.

What is Genetic Engineering? Process of taking genes from different species for a practical purpose. Making recombinant DNA is a process used for this. Examples of Genetic engineering: Making proteins/vaccines to treat diseases Genetically modified plants-- that are created to be more drought resistant or grow bigger.

What is Recombinant DNA? DNA from 2 or more different species combined. Why combine DNA? In this way, human genes can be inserted into bacteria.. and the bacteria can then make human proteins for medical uses, example... Insulin for treatment of diabetes

What is a Plasmid? A circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently. When the plasmid is placed in a host cell, we call it a … Vector

Give the steps to making Recombinant DNA. 1. Identify the gene of interest-- a gene sequence that codes for a protein for example. 2. Cut the DNA with... Restriction enzymes 3. Cut vector DNA with restriction enzymes 4. Insert gene of interest into vector DNA 5. Sticky ends allow gene to attach 6. Insert recombinant DNA into a host cell

How do Restriction Enzymes make the cut? They recognize a pattern in the genetic code (order of nitrogen bases). This pattern is.. A Palindrome sequence. It is the same... Backwards as forwards ex. R-A-C-E-C-A-R Restriction enzymes always cut in one specific place based on the sequence and leave sticky ends

What are sticky ends? The unpaired bases left in the specific sequence They will attract their complementary bases and allow the gene of interest to combine with the plasmid.

What is a clone? An organism that is an exact copy of another organism What is a method used to transfer one organism's DNA into a host cell to create a clone? Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

List the steps to: Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer 1. Remove nucleus from an egg cell. Discard it. 2. Remove nucleus from somatic cell 3. Put somatic cell nucleus into egg cell. 4. allow time for DNA to adjust and reprogram 5. stimulate cell division electrically or chemically 6. Put divided cell embryo into a surrogate mother.

When the new organism is born, what will it be a clone of? The donor organism. The one that gave the somatic cell nucleus.

What is therapeutic cloning? Creating tissue from a patient's DNA that is an exact copy of the patient in order to grow organs that can be transplanted in the patient that his body will not reject. Example.. take liver cells and stimulate them to grow in the lab in order to make a new liver to replace the patient's damaged one.

Define Stem Cells. Stem cells are cells that haven't been programmed yet-- they do not have jobs in the body, but could become many different kinds of cells. There are 3 kinds: Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent If you remember TPM “The Perfect Man” it will help you remember the order of Best to Least useful.

Differentiate between the types of stem cells Totipotent—Can become any kind of cell They are found in … early embryos Pluripotent—They can become almost any type of cell and are found in.. Late embryos and early fetuses Multipotent—can only become certain kinds of cells and are found in... Adult blood, bone marrow and in umbilical cords

What are the medical uses of stem cells? Treat paralysis Treat brain injuries and strokes Treat leukemia (bone marrow cells) Treat diabetes (pancreas cells so that pancreas will begin producing insulin)

The End (or is it just the beginning?) Biotechnology is the future! Good Luck!