Module 1

 Describe San Antonio in a few words. ◦ Climate, soil, landforms, animal life, vegetation, language, religion, population distribution, political/economic systems ◦ Think back to 6 th grade. ** This will be turned in for a daily grade

 You just named the physical and human characteristics of San Antonio. We learned about this in 6 th grade and now we are going to apply what we learned to the Texas regions.  BUT FIRST…….

 QRw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode =1&safe=active QRw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode =1&safe=active

 Landforms: features on Earth’s surface.  Can you name some landforms?  Texas has 4 major landforms: hills, mountains, plains, and plateaus.

 Plains are areas of flat land without a sharp rise or fall in elevation.

 Areas of flat elevated land one that drop sharply on one or more sides.

 Texas has several water features: lakes, rivers and streams  Water from all of the rivers and streams in Texas eventually flow into the Gulf of Mexico.  Texas has few natural lakes but many man made.  Aquifers are formations of natural gravel, rock and sand that trap and hold rainwater underground. Aquifers provide water for farms, homes and industry.

LBJ Lake (man made) Caddo Lake (natural lake)

Edwards Aquifer

 Climate is the weather at a particular place over a period of years.  Climate is affected by location: distance from equator, proximity to large bodies of water

 Climate, landforms and soil all help to determine where a plant will grow. ◦ Brush, bushes, grasses, trees, wildflowers  Vegetation of Texas provides a habitat to a wide variety of animals. ◦ Armadillos, bears, deer, javelinas, prairie hens, raccoons, wildcats, skunks, wild turkey and wolves ◦ Alligators, catfish, oysters, redfish, shrimp

 Agricultural ◦ Crops and animals ◦ Timber  Energy ◦ Oil, coal and natural gas

◦ Geographers used climate, landforms, plant life and soil to divide the United States into geographic regions (think back to 6 th grade!). They do the same for Texas…dividing it into 4 natural regions: Coastal Plains - Piney Woods (sub-region) North Central Plains Great Plains Mountains and Basins

 Let’s see how much you remember from last year…  Draw how you remember the US regions are divided (Hint: there were 7 regions)

Mountains & Basins Great Plains N. Central Plains Coastal Plains Piney Woods (sub- region) Did yours look like this???

 Covers 1/3 of the land of Texas  Includes the Piney Woods (sub region)

 Flat and low  Wooded land and coastal sands  Good soil along rivers  Gulf of Mexico is main border

 Hot, humid summers, mild winters Weather Problems:  Hurricanes  Tornadoes  Droughts

 Bodies of water  Good soil/climate for farming  Oil and gas  Factories  Ports

 Houston  San Antonio  Brownsville  Galveston  This is the most populated region

The Coastal Plains

 Look at your IAN and your notes about the Coastal Plains Region.  Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Karankawa. ◦ Shelter, food, clothing, tools….

 Coastal Plains  Settlements near present-day Galveston south to Corpus Christi Bay  nomads ◦ Fall/Winter- near Gulf Coast ◦ Spring/Summer-near rivers and springs on the coastal prairie

 Portable wigwams (circular huts) ◦ Made from bent poles ◦ Covered with animal skin ◦ Floors were covered with reed mats ◦ Could house 7-8 people

 Hunters and gatherers  Hunters ◦ Men ◦ Wooden bows and arrows to hunt/fish ◦ Fish traps ◦ Dugout canoes  Gatherers ◦ Women ◦ Collected plants, birds’ eggs, shellfish  Rumored to be cannibals- not true ◦ Not for food but for “magic power”

 Deer skin or grass skirts  Men and women painted themselves with bright colors  Used alligator fat and dirt to repel the insects  Is this an example of adapting or modifying? Why ?

 Unusually tall ◦ Skeleton found of person 6 feet  Kept dogs similar to coyotes or fox ◦ Name believed to mean dog-lovers  Treated children with kindness  Given 2 names ◦ One was secret which only family members knew ◦ Secret name was thought to carry magic and protection from danger

 1500s- Cabeza de Vaca ◦ Feared by Europeans who wanted their land ◦ Why did Europeans want their land?  Diseases killed many  Fought with other groups  Vanished by the mid-1800s  Why do you think they vanished? How could they have adapted/modified?

 You are a member of the Karankawa tribe.  Create an “I Am” Poem. Be detailed and specific about the tribe and the region! ◦ I am a Karankawa Native… ◦ What you see ◦ What you hear ◦ What you smell ◦ What you taste ◦ What you feel ◦ I am a Karankawa Native. ** Complete in your IAN

 Part of the pine forest that covers the entire southern United States from the Atlantic Ocean to Texas.  Located in far east Texas

 Most of the land is rolling hills  Tall pine trees

 Wettest climate in Texas  Part of tornado alley

 Timber ◦ Gum, hickory, oak, and pine trees  Farming ◦ Rich soil and wet climate  Oil  Water sources ◦ Creeks, lakes, rivers  Big Thicket National Preserve

 Longview  Dallas  Texarkana

The Piney Woods

 The Caddo were found in East Texas  This is in the Piney Woods region

 They lived in Dome shaped homes  Some were very large  They were a settled community…non-nomadic

The Caddo were hunters (buffalo), gatherers (seeds, etc), and farmers(Corn, beans, squash)

 The Caddo wore buffalo hide  They often tattooed their faces

 The Caddo were a very peaceful group  The men were expert hunters  The women made pottery  Both men and women tended to the crops  The adults often bound children’s heads to make them longer and narrow

 The Caddo had contact with both the Spanish and the French  “Caddo” comes from the French word meaning “real chief”

 Look back at your notes about the Piney Woods region and the Caddo Native Americans.  Write a diary entry from the view point of a Caddo teenager. (at least 5 sentences)  What was life like for them? ◦ Hardships, entertainment, food… ** Complete in your IAN

 Part of the Great Central Plains of the US and Canada

 Rolling grassy lands  Thick grasses  Limestone rock  Higher elevation because limestone doesn't wear down easily

 Dry air  Tornadoes

 Fertile lands: watermelons, oats, cattle, angora goats  Cedar trees: fenceposts  Oil and gas  Limestone  Minerals  Streams

 Fort Worth  Abilene  Wichita Falls

The North Central Plains

Look at your IAN and your notes about the North Central Plains region. Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Wichita. Shelter, food, clothing, tools….

 Central Plains  Along the Red River  Originally from Kansas/Oklahoma moved to Texas in 1700s  Lived along creeks and rivers

 Lived in permanent villages  Round house ◦ Made with cedar poles ◦ Covered with dried grass ◦ Very durable ◦ Large ◦ Hole in center for smoke from fire Is this adapting or modifying?

 Hunted buffalo ◦ Ate it raw ◦ Did NOT eat fish  Farmers: Grew beans, corn, melons, and squash

 Made from tanned hide  Men ◦ Shirts, loin cloths, leggings, moccasins  Women ◦ Dresses that covered chin to ankle decorated with elk teeth, moccasins

 Organized into 4 confederacies ◦ Waco, Tonkawa, Tawakoni and the Wichita  Tattooed their bodies ◦ Many and unusual designs ◦ Called selves Kitikiti’sh (raccoon eyes)

 First with Coronado in late 1500s  Traded tanned hide  disease  Later moved to reservation in Oklahoma

 Using your notes on the Wichita and North Central Plains: Draw a sketch of what a Wichita Village would look like.  Make sure you include the homes, food, clothing… ** Complete in your IAN

Great Plains

 Part of the Great Plains of the US and Canada  Most of the Panhandle and Edwards Plateau

 Flat  Few trees  Canyons in North (Palo Duro Canyon)  Higher elevation than Central Plains  Cap Rock Escarpment  Edwards Plateau

 Dry air  Hot summers  Cold winters  Dust storms

 Farming - cotton, wheat (irrigation from wells)  Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat  Oil and gas in the Permian Basin

 Amarillo  Lubbock  Midland  Odessa  Kerrville

Great Plains

Look at your IAN and your notes about the Great Plains region. Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Comanche. Shelter, food, clothing, tools….

 Great Plains  Moved to Texas in 1700s after acquiring horses  Drove out other tribes for the land ◦ Jumanos, Apache

 Tepees ◦ Nomadic- covered hundreds of miles a year Items were lightweight and sturdy(leather and woven basket)-Little pottery ◦ Women would pack and move the tepees

 Buffalo  Hunters-gatherers ◦ Men-hunt ◦ Women- gathered plants On a daily basis women gathered most of the foods.

 NiI&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persi st_safety_mode=1&safe=active NiI&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persi st_safety_mode=1&safe=active (Preparing for buffalo hunt)

 Well dressed ◦ Leaders wore European clothing with many silver conchos ◦ Leather boots

 Lived in bands headed by a peace chief (older man)  When at war one temporary chief and  War chief- best rider and fighter  Skilled buffalo hunters ◦ Made them wealthy ◦ Traded for goods  Skilled fighters ◦ Controlled most of the plains

 from Spanish  Called “finest light cavalry in the world” ◦ Expert riders and fighters  Used horses to have advantage in fights

Quanah Parker

 Traded with Spanish  Came to trade in organized groups ◦ One Comanche who could speak Spanish, French and 4 or 5 languages ◦ One Comanche who was skilled trader and diplomat  Most of what they sold they had stolen ◦ Horses ◦ Kidnapped people whose family would come to buy them back (ransom)  This later would cause big problems with the American settlers  Kept Spanish from moving north- Spanish could not defeat them

 bY&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persi st_safety_mode=1&safe=active bY&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persi st_safety_mode=1&safe=active (Speaking the Dakota language)

 9TU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode =1&safe=active 9TU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode =1&safe=active (Lakota people from the Great Plains were actual natives depicted in the movie)

 Compare and contrast the Comanche with another Native American tribe using a Venn Diagram. You may chose any that we have studied.  Give at least 2 similarities and 2 differences for each ** Complete in your IAN

 Far west Texas  East border is Great Plains  South border is the country of Mexico  North border is the state of New Mexico

 150 mountains in the mountain ranges  Plateaus and basins (think back to 6 th grade)  Deserts  Pecos and Rio Grande Rivers  Big Bend National Park

 Driest part of state  Only 8 inches of rain per year on average  Hot days, cool nights

 Plants - short grasses, shrubs, desert plants in plateaus and basins; pine forests in mountains  Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat  Farming - cotton, fruits, vegetables, cantaloupes (irrigation in El Paso and Pecos River Valley)  Oil and gas - part of Permian Basin

 El Paso  Pecos  Fort Davis  Alpine

Mountains and Basins

Look at your IAN and your notes about the Mountains and Basins region. Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Jumano. Shelter, food, clothing, tools….

 Mountains and Basins Region  Along the Rio Grande

 Permanent houses of adobe brick ◦ Dried clay ◦ Cool in summer ◦ people in house ◦ Flat roofs ◦ Painted black, red, white and yellow stripes on the inside wall  Large villages

 Grew corn and other crops near river ◦ River would overflow and water fields  Gathered wild plants  Hunted buffalo with bow and arrow

 Animal hide ◦ Softened by beating with stones  Moccasins  Jewelry made from copper, coral and turquoise  Hair ◦ Women- long and tied ◦ Men- short on sides, long in middle and curled with paint, decorated with feathers

 Tattooed and painted their faces  Decline began with a drought in 1500s ◦ Crops died and buffalo moved  Under constant attack by Apache  Eventually joined other Native American groups

 Traded with Spanish

 List 2 ways the Jumanos did or could have adapted to their Texas environment and 2 ways they did or could havemodified their Texas environment. ** Complete in your IAN