What are three Roman architectural innovations? Directions: Using The Annotated Arch pages 20-22, answer the following questions about Roman Architecture and the Pantheon. Start reading where is says “Rome: Concrete Achievements.” What are three Roman architectural innovations? What material did the Romans invent according to The Annotated Arch? What three examples stated in this passage show that the Romans set the standard for civilization? How did the arch revolutionize building construction? Support your answer with an example from the text? Define a barrel vault. The Pantheon was built by _____________. It still ____________. Its dome was ____________. Why is the Pantheon a hybrid between Greek and Roman styles? In other words…What parts of this building are Greek? What parts are Roman? How is the dome constructed? What is the only source of light in this structure? The Pantheon is said to be very pleasing to the eye because of its perfect proportions. Give an example of the Pantheon’s perfect proportion (include measurements).

Architecture: The Basics of Beautiful Design Label your notebook paper!

Elements and Principles of Architecture: The Basics of Beautiful Design What elements and principles of architecture do architects include in the design of structures?

Function -original purpose of the building may change over time but the original purpose still dominates the design. Joe Bologna's

Physical Context The area on which the building is constructed. When considering the context of a building, you must also look at the environment. Japanese School

Physical Context Leaning Tower of Pisa

Cultural Context Todaji time, place, and culture that influenced the building. Todaji Buddhist Temple Nara, Japan All wood construction

Media or Materials -what the structure is made from

The Elements of Architecture http://www.lattc.edu/dept/lattc/WED/images/j0401617.jpg

Line Where two parts come together Great Pyramid On the picture provided, highlight the most important lines of the Great Pyramid using a marker. Great Pyramid

Color interior or exterior Dome of the Rock The Dome of the Rock uses lots of color. Why would lots of color be used on a building? How does it show the wealth and power of the individual or organization that built it? Dome of the Rock

St. Paul’s Cathedral - aerial view Shape/Form outline if viewed from above - cruciform Draw the shape of St. Paul’s Cathedral from an aerial view. St. Paul’s Cathedral - aerial view

Guggenheim Museum, New York City Texture How it feels or looks interior or exterior If the Guggenheim Museum in NYC is made of painted concrete, why does this building have smooth texture? Guggenheim Museum, New York City

The Principles of Architecture Pompediou Center

Space The area in and around a building Louvre How do the images of the interior and exterior space of the Louvre show that this building was a palace for the King of France? Hint: Think about what important buildings are supposed to show. Louvre

Balance Distribution of weight Eiffel Tower Identify and explain the type of balance of the Eiffel Tower. In your explanation, support your answer with a description of this structure. Eiffel Tower

Rhythm/Repetition/Pattern Repeated use of an element What elements and basic structures of architecture are repeated in Raphael’s Loggia to create rhythm and pattern? Raphael’s Loggia

Emphasis Calling attention to one part Dome of the Rock What basic architectural structure gets emphasis in the Dome of the Rock? What element of architecture makes it possible for this structure to receive emphasis? Dome of the Rock

differing elements create a focal point Variety/Contrast differing elements create a focal point Pompidou Center

comparison of size of parts and size of the whole Proportion comparison of size of parts and size of the whole This is an image of New York City from the 1920’s. How does the proportion of the buildings in this image support this fact? In other words, how does the proportion of 1920’s New York differ from the proportion of modern New York?

sized compared to people Scale sized compared to people What is the scale of the man in the orange shirt to the column? What about the scale of Ms. G. to the Pantheon? Pantheon - Rome

Unity Use of similar elements to tie the work together Name all of the basic structures and elements of architecture found in the Leaning Tower of Pisa to create unity. Leaning Tower of Pisa

Architecture Viewing Guide The Pantheon

Architecture Viewing Guide Title: Pantheon Architect/Builder: Marcus Agrippa Date:125 AD Materials: Concrete, marble, granite Function: temple then church; always a tourist attraction Style: Roman Architecture Location: Rome, Italy

Sketch Front View – 3 minutes The Pantheon

Sketch Ariel View – 3 minutes

Sketch Interior View – 3 minutes

Oculus 29’ in diameter

Example: Architecture Viewing Guide

Exit Slip 1) Which of the following terms refers to “where two parts come together”? Cantilever b. Entablature c. Line d. Colonnade 2) This term can be used on the outside or the inside of the building and it can help add emphasis and detail to a structure’s design. Line b. Color c. Texture d. Buttress 3) How is contrast used in a building? a. Through a gradual change in elements. b. Through the repeated use of an element. c. Through the use of differing elements. 4) The year is 5839 A.D. and archeologists have just re-discovered the Pantheon. All written records of this building have been destroyed, yet they have hired you to determine the cultural context of the building. Based on what you know about Roman architectural designs, structures, materials, and innovations, prove that this structure in Roman. Support your answer using three facts about the building.