THE CELL CYCLE— Interphase, Mitosis & Cytokinesis

WHO? Body Cells remember…what cells are in “my-TOES!”

WHY? To grow To replace dead cells To repair damaged cells

What is the Cell Cycle? The cell cycle is an orderly cycle of growth & division of a cell. The cell cycle has three major phases: interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.

Phase 1 INTERPHASE

Key Points of Interphase The longest phase in which the cell is dormant (inactive). Cell gets ready to go through cell division, carrying out life functions, especially growth. Chromatin (thread-like coils of chromosomes) is seen in the cell. Chromatin (DNA) replicates. Centrioles can be seen in animal cells.

What is Cell Division? Cell division is a process in which one cell divides into two cells, which are each identical to the original cell.

What is Mitosis? Mitosis is process in which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei and the formation of two identical daughter cells begins. Each daughter cell has the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Stage 2 PROPHASE

Key Points of Prophase Chromatin shortens and form “X” shaped chromosomes. Spindles begin to develop between the centrioles. The nuclear membrane begins to break down and disappear. In animal cells, the centrioles begin to move to the opposite end of the cell.

Phase 3 METAPHASE

Key Points of Metaphase Chromosomes begin to attach to the spindle and move to the midpoint of the cell, also known as the equator. Chromosomes line up with each other.

Phase 4 ANAPHASE

Key Points of Anaphase The centromere splits, allowing the sister chromatids to separate. Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell along the spindle. The chromatids are once again called chromosomes.

Phase 5 TELOPHASE

Key Points of Telophase Chromosomes begin to uncoil. A nuclear membrane begins to reappear around the chromatin. Two nuclei are formed.

Phase 6 CYTOKINESIS

Key Points of Cytokinesis The cytoplasm in the cell begins to divide. In an animal cell, the cytoplasm pinches together to form two new cells. Rather than pinching together, in a plant cell, a cell plate forms, creating two new cells.

REMEMBER: I Interphase Peeled Prophase My Metaphase Apple Anaphase Today Telophase Class Cytokinesis.