Cell reproduction

Cell theory states that all cells come from preexisting cells. Cell division is the process by which new cells are produced from one cell. Results in two cells that are identical to the original.

Chromosomes Carriers of genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells. Exist as chromatin for most of the cells life.

Chromatin Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins. As the nucleus begins to divide, the chromatin becomes tightly packed.

Cell Cycle The sequence of growth and division of a cell. (Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis) The majority of a cell’s life is spent in the growth period known as Interphase.

Interphase 1.Majority of a cell’s life is spent in this growth period. 2.Cell growth and protein production is high. 3.Cell copies its chromosomes 4.Cell parts needed for cell division are assembled.

G 1 phase First phase of interphase Chromosomes not visible cause they are uncoiled Protein synthesis is occurring as the cell grows and develops

S stage Chromosomes are replicated Chromosomes divide to form identical sister chromatids connected by a centromere

G 2 phase Chromosomes begin to shorten and coil Protein synthesis in high gear Centriole pair replicates and prepares to form the mitotic spindle

Mitosis Process by which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes identical to the parent cell. Consists of 4 phases

Mitosis Prophase (first and longest phase) Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase Chromosome copies are held together at their centers, so they form a sort of “x” Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

Metaphase The two copies of each chromosome line up in the center of the cell

Anaphase * One complete set of chromosomes is pulled to one side of the cell. * The other complete set is pulled to the other side of the cell.

Telophase Chromosomes unwind Spindle begins to breakdown New nucleus and nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.

Division of cytoplasm (Cytokinesis) Plasma membrane pinches in along the equator Two new cells are separated

Its mitosis time karaoke

Results of mitosis Process that guarantees genetic continuity, resulting in the production of 2 new cells with chromosome sets that are identical to those of the parent cell. These new daughter cells will carry out the same cellular processes and functions as those of the parent cell and will grow and divide just as the parent cell did.

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