Social Psychology Study of how thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by others ( Allport, 1968 ). A. Social Cognitions a. Impression formation - primacy effect (Allport & Asch): Intelligent, industrious, impulsive, critical, stubborn, envious b. Self - independent vs. interdependent construal c. Attribution - Kelley (1967): dispositional vs. situational: consensual, distinctiveness, consistency d. Attributional biases - fundamental attribution error: dispositional (internal) vs. situational (external) factors, belief in a just world, self-serving bias e. Heuristics - representative and availability heuristic
Primacy Effect (Ash, 1946) Intelligent, industrious, impulsive, critical, stubborn, envious vs Envious, stubborn, critical, impulsive, industrious, intelligent
B. Attitude Formation affect, cognition, behavior C. Cognitive Dissonance ( Festinger, 1957 ) Strategy 1 - reduce importance of one dissonant element Strategy 2 - add consonant element Strategy 3 - change one dissonant element D. Prejudice representative heuristic, discrimination, in-outgroup, ethnocentrism competition, self-esteem enhancement, learning E. Group Behavior Imitation: conformity, social & group norms, Genovese effect ( Bystander intervention or diffusion of responsibility effect) Asch (1951): standard
F. Authority Milgram (1963): % 60 Slight Very strong Extreme XXX 450 Volts