D ISABILITY IN P UNJAB : A P ROFILE OF D IFFERENTLY A BLED P ERSONS ACCORDING TO C ENSUS 2011 Presenters: Gurpreet Singh (Ph.D. Research Scholar) Gursewak Singh (M.Phil. Research Student) Dept. of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab.

W HAT IS DISABILITY A Disability is generally a condition either caused by accident, trauma, genetics or disease which may restrict mental processes, senses or mobility of a person. This condition may be permanent or temporary in nature. The disability of a person limits a person’s ability to perform the activities of life. Disability is an important public health problem especially in developing countries like India.

DEFINITIONAL CHANGE IN CATEGORIES OF DISABILITY ACCORDING TO CENSUS 2011 In Seeing One eyed persons were treated as disabled at Census At the Census 2011 such persons have not been treated as disabled in seeing. At the Census 2011 enumerators were asked to apply a simple test to ascertain blurred vision. At Census 2001 no such instructions were given. In Hearing Persons using hearing aid have been treated as disabled at Census They were not treated as disabled at the Census Persons having problem in hearing through one ear although the other ear is functioning normally was considered having hearing disability in Census But in Census 2011, such persons were not considered as disabled.

C ONTINUE.. In Speech Definition was made clear in the Census 2011 to record persons with speech disability. For instance, “persons who speak in single words and are not able to speak in sentences” was specifically mentioned to be treated as disabled. Mental Retardation New category introduced at Census Mental Retardation was covered under the category of Mental disability at Census Mental Illness New category introduced at Census Mental Illness was covered under the category of Mental disability at Census 2001.

C ONTINUE.. In Movement Specific mention of the following was made in the definition for Census 2011: 1. Paralytic persons 2. Those who crawl 3. Those who are able to walk with the help of aid 4. Have acute and permanent problems of joints/muscles 5. Have stiffness or tightness in movement or have loose, involuntary movements or tremours of the body or have fragile bones 6. Have difficulty balancing and coordinating body movement 7. Have loss of sensation in body due to paralysis, Leprosy etc. 8. Have deformity of body like hunch back or are dwarf.

C ONTINUE.. Any Other New category introduced at Census 2011 to ensure complete coverage. In such cases, where informant was not sure about the type of disability this option of reporting disability as ‘Any Other’ was available to her/him. Multiple Disability New category introduced at Census The question has been designed to record as many as three types of disabilities from which the individual was reported to be suffering.  Total disabled population: Census In India- 2,68,10,557 - In Punjab- 6,54,063

The highlighted data show the majority of differently abled persons who belong to any other category of disability as per census 2011, Punjab. C ATEGORY WISE DATA OF TOTAL DISABLED POPULATION IN P UNJAB AS PER CENSUS 2011

The highlighted data show that the maximum number of the differently abled persons were belonged to the age group of years according to Census But according Census 2011, majority of the differently abled persons belong to the age group of years. A GE WISE D ISABLED P OPULATION IN , P UNJAB

The highlighted data in the age group of years and years show the maximum number of differently abled persons as per Census 2001 and The red colored data in age group of years show the double increment in the population of differently abled persons in 2011 in comparison to other age groups. D ISABLED POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, P UNJAB Age MalesFemalesMalesFemales 0-411,7168, ,66014, ,77137, ,47628, ,23219, ,80614, ,14810, ,17516, ,92511, ,5945, ,4312, Age Not Stated Total2,52,8561,71,

The highlighted data show the majority of differently abled persons belonging to rural area of Punjab as per Census D ISABLED POPULATION BY RESIDENCE IN , P UNJAB

The highlighted data is showing the majority of differently abled males belonging to rural area of Punjab as per Census The yellow and green colored part of pie chart is showing the data of differently abled females and males in Punjab respectively. P OPULATION OF DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSONS BY SEX IN RURAL AREA OF PUNJAB,

The highlighted data is showing the majority of differently abled males belonging to urban area as per Census D ISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY SEX IN URBAN AREA OF P UNJAB,

The highlighted data depict the literacy status both of differently abled males and females which is increased with high percentage as per Census 2011 in comparison to Census DISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY SEX AND LITERACY STATUS IN PUNJAB

The above highlighted data is showing the literacy status of any other category of disability which is very high than other categories of disability as per Census 2011, Punjab. DISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY THE TYPES OF DISABILITY AND LITERACY STATUS IN PUNJAB, 2011

The above diagram shows the comparison of literacy status among the differently abled persons by the area of their residence in which majority is living in rural area of Punjab although they are literate or illiterate as well. D ISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED BY LITERACY STATUS AND RESIDENCE

The highlighted data with red color depict the low number of illiterate differently abled persons belonging to the category of disability in speech who are from urban area of Punjab. The persons with mental illness from urban area are less literate. The majority of literate and illiterate of disabled population belonging to any other category of disability are from rural area of Punjab as per Census DISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY THE TYPE OF DISABILITY, LITERACY STATUS AND RESIDENCE, P UNJAB 2011 Types of Disability LiterateIlliterate RuralUrbanRuralUrban In Seeing In Hearing In Speech In Movement Mental Retardation Mental Illness Any Other Multiple disability

The highlighted data of pie chart depict the number of illiterate disabled population belonging to scheduled castes of Punjab as per Census DISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY THE LITERACY STATUS IN SCHEDULED CASTES OF PUNJAB, 2011

The above diagram shows that the differently abled persons from any other category of disability belonging to schedule castes are in majority who are literate as well as illiterate. TYPE OF DISABILITY AND LITERACY STATUS IN SCHEDULED CASTES DISABLED POPULATION- 2011

The highlighted data in the above diagram depict that the literacy rate is very high in any other category of disability who belong to scheduled castes from rural area of Punjab. Persons with disability in movement belonging to scheduled caste from rural area are on second number after any other category of disability who are literate. DISTRIBUTION OF DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY, LITERACY STATUS AND RESIDENCE OF SCHEDULED CASTES- 2011

The highlighted data show that the persons with visual impairment (in seeing) are more illiterate than other categories. But, the number of persons with disability in movement is very less who are illiterate. SCHEDULED CASTES DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY, ILLITERACY AND RESIDENCE- 2011

The highlighted data is presenting the majority of illiterate visually impaired persons from scheduled castes belonging to both rural and urban areas of Punjab as per Census SCHEDULED CASTES DISABLED POPULATION BY TYPE OF DISABILITY, ILLITERACY AND RESIDENCE- 2011

The highlighted data with red color show the less number of differently abled males from SBS Nagar. Ludhiana district has the highest percentage of differently abled males and females in comparison to other districts of Punjab. SEX WISE POPULATION OF DISABLED IN THE DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB 2011 DistrictsMalesFemalesPersons Gurdaspur Kapurthala Jalandhar Hoshiarpur SBS Nagar Fatehgarh Sahib Ludhiana Moga Firozpur Muktsar

The highlighted data of Faridkot district depict the less number of differently abled females in the district. C ONTINUE.. DistrictsMalesFemalesPersons Faridkot Bathinda Mansa Patiala Amritsar Tarn Taran Rupnagar SAS Nagar Sangrur Barnala

C ONCLUSION The definition of the types of disability has been changed as per Census The maximum differently abled persons in Punjab belong to any other category of disability i.e. above 1 lakh 65 thousand. But, the less number of disabled population in Punjab belong to mental illness i.e. approximately 22 thousand. Maximum number of differently abled persons belonging to the age group of is above 92 thousand according to the census But, the maximum number of differently abled persons belonging to the age group of is above 1 lakh 17 thousand according to census Sex wise, the maximum number of both differently abled males and females belong to the age group of years according to the census But according to the census 2011, the maximum number of both differently abled males and females belong to the age group of years. Area wise, the maximum number of differently abled persons belong to rural area according to the census 2001 and Rural as well as urban area wise, differently abled males are in majority according to the census 2001 and census 2011.

C ONTINUE.. Sex and literacy status wise, the maximum number of literate differently abled persons is male as per the census 2001 and Type of disability and literacy status wise, the literate persons belonging to any other category of disability are in majority according to the census Area and literacy status wise, the literate disabled population belonging to rural area is in majority according to the census Type of disability, literacy status and area wise, the persons from any other category of disability belonging to rural are in majority who are literate as well as illiterate according to the census Literacy in scheduled castes wise, maximum number of the disabled population belonging to scheduled catses is illiterate according the census Type of disability and literacy status in scheduled castes wise, maximum number of the disabled population belonging to any other category of disability is literate according the census Type of disability, area and literacy status in scheduled castes wise, maximum number of the literate differently abled persons from rural area is belonging to any other category of disability. The maximum number of illiterate disabled population from rural area belong to the visual impairment. District wise, the differently abled both males and females are in majority in Ludhiana district. The SBS Nagar has less number of differently abled males and Faridkot has less number of differently abled females.