Warm Up: Analyze the relationship between new technology, population growth and the increase of trade in Western Europe from

IV. The Crusades Crusades- a series of religiously inspired military campaigns against Muslims that dominated the politics of Europe from

IV. The Crusades A.The Roots of the Crusades 1.Truce of God Movement to limit fighting between Christians especially during Lent and on Sundays Knights welcomed a religiously approved chance to fight

IV. The Crusades 2. Ambition Leaders were looking for new lands to conquer Primogeniture – eldest son inherits everything Younger sons looked for land of their own

IV. The Crusades 3.Increased Trade Italian merchants wanted to increase trade in Mediterranean Acquire trading posts in Muslim territories

IV. The Crusades 4. Pilgrimages A journey to a sacred shrine to show piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution from sins The Holy Land was an important sight for pilgrimage Under Muslim rule

IV. The Crusades 5.La Reconquesta Efforts by Christian Kings to reconquer Spain from Muslim Umayyad rule 700 years of fighting Culminated in 1492 with the surrender of last Muslim Kingdom in Spain Muslims were defeated in Sicily by the Normans in 1090’s

IV. The Crusades 6. Call for Crusade Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus asked the pope for help against Muslim threat Reconquer the Holy Land Pope Urban II called for Christians to go to the Holy Land and fight Muslims Council of Claremont (1095)

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IV. The Crusades 7. The Crusades Pope Urban persuaded the knights of Western Europe to join the First Crusade -Urban appealed to the knight's religious convictions -Urban said Muslim Turks were robbing and torturing Christian pilgrims journeying to the holy lands. -The war offered knights a chance for glory and wealth. -Urban suggested the knights fight Muslims instead of continuing to fight one another.

IV. The Crusades The First Crusade The first Crusaders crossed into Anatolia (Turkey) in 1097 and reached Jerusalem by the summer of The fighting was fierce, unsuspecting Muslims were no match for the bloodthirsty Crusaders, Crusaders killed not only fighting men, but also women and children. Established four colonies along the eastern Mediterranean including one in Jerusalem. The crusaders celebrated their victory in Jerusalem by slaughtering the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants of the city.

IV. The Crusades Second and Third Crusades Strove to protect Crusader Kingdoms Little Success Fourth Crusade Crusaders sacked Constantinople Largest Christian city in the world

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