CECS 474 Computer Network Interoperability Notes for Douglas E. Comer, Computer Networks and Internets (5 th Edition) Tracy Bradley Maples, Ph.D. Computer Engineering & Computer Science Cal ifornia State University, Long Beach

Growth of the Internet The Internet has grown from a research prototype to a global communication system. The Internet has experienced exponential growth over many years. Important Internet Dates – Birth of Arpanet First connection between UCLA & Stanford UNIX also created 1973 – First Trans-Atlantic Link Arpanet connected to Univ. of London 75% of Arpanet traffic is – Birth of TCP/IP Earliest proposal for “inter-networking” 1975 – First client 1977 – First PC modem 1978 – First Spam 1982 – First emoticon :-)

Important Internet Dates (Cont’d) 1983 – Arpanet switches to TCP/IP 1984 – Domain Name System (DNS) 1987 – 30,000 hosts on the Internet 1989 – AOL is launched 1989 – Proposal for World Wide Web Written by Tim Berners-Lee 1990 – First Commercial ISP “The World” - Internet connections over POTs 1991 – First web page created 1993 – Mosaic – First Graphical Web Browser 1993 – New Domain Names :.gov &.org 1995 – Commercialization of the Internet 2000 – The “dotcom” bubble bursts 2004 – Facebook Opens to College Students 2005 – YouTube Created 2006 – Twitter begins 2007 – The iPhone & Mobile Internet

Internet Tools Two tools for probing the Internet are available on most computers: ping -- sends a message to the specified computer and waits for a response. ping reports its findings.

Internet Tools (Cont’d) traceroute -- sends a message to the specified computer reporting the intermediate computers along the path to the destination