No Blur in the Image Sensor Consistent light

Motion Blur in the Image Sensor Inconsistent light

Camera shake blur in the Image Sensor Inconsistent light

Camera Shake Three (3) Degrees of Freedom: Rotational shake Lateral Shake Longitudinal Shake

Image Frame As camera shakes/rotates, the image frame that it covers (“field of view”) shifts Capturing inconsistent image yields blur

Image Frame If the camera shakes less, the image changes less More consistent image yields less blur

Wider angle of view means same physical rotation/shake alters field of view less This more consistent image yields less blur

Large shake Narrow angle Small shake Narrow angle Large shake Wide angle

How much blur? θ = angle of view Φ = angle of rotation (shake) 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount

How much blur? θ = angle of view Δx = camera displacement 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount r = subject distance

How much blur? θ = angle of view Δz = camera displacement 1 frame length Displacement amount 1 frame length Displacement amount r = subject distance

Rotational shakeLateral shakeLongitudinal shake

Shutter speed rule Focal length (mm)

Shake reduction techniques Tripod! Image stabilization (IS, VR, VC, OS, etc.) Shutter release Delay shutter Second shot Breathing method Holding technique Multi shot Wider angle Improvised tripods

Blur in the Image Sensor Camera shake

Sensor-shift stabilization Shifts sensor against camera movements Return