Acid and Base Definitions Objectives: 1. State the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases. 2. Identify the common physical and chemical properties.

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Presentation transcript:

Acid and Base Definitions Objectives: 1. State the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases. 2. Identify the common physical and chemical properties of acids and bases. Key Terms: Acid base indicator, neutralization reactions, hydronium ion, amphoteric, conjugate acid, conjugate base

Basic Properties AcidBase Tastesour tasting - lemonbitter tasting - aspirin Touchfeel like water on skinfeel slippery on skin Reaction on metal reacts with metaldoes not react with metal electrical conductivity electrolyte - good conductor indicatorturns litmus redturns litmus blue Neutralizati on neutralized when mixed with a base to form a salt neutralized when mixed with an acid to form a salt

Arrhenius Definition An acid is a substance that releases (dissociates) Hydrogen ions (H + ) in water – monoprotic - releases 1 H + ion (HCl) – diprotic - releases 2 H + ion (H 2 SO 4 ) – triprotic - releases 3 H + ion (H 3 PO 4 ) An base is a substance that releases (dissociates) Hydroxide ions (OH - ) in water – ex: KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH) 2, Mg(OH) 2

Bronsted-Lowry Definition An acid is a proton (H + ) donor A base is a proton acceptor conjugate acid-base pairs are substances related by the loss or gain of a H + ion – strong acids have a weak conjugate base – weak acids have a strong conjugate base Conjugate acid/base pair Conjugate base/acid pair

Lewis Acid Definition Lewis Acid and Bases An acid is an electron pair acceptor – A base is an electron pair donor – H + + OH - g H 2 O In this reaction the H + ion accepts the electron pair donated by the OH - ion to form H 2 O