AJI SUTRISNO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECH UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

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Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

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Presentation transcript:

AJI SUTRISNO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECH UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA HEXOSE METABOLISM AJI SUTRISNO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECH UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

Common Hexoses

Sources of Sugars Glucose: lactose (dairy products) and sucrose (table sugar) Fructose: fruits and sucrose Galactose: lactose Mannose: polysaccharides and glycoproteins

Fructose Metabolism

Sucrose (Table Sugar) O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1—> 2)-b-D-Fructofuranoside

All Tissues

Cleavage of Sucrose (a-glucosidase or invertase)

Mutarotation of Fructose

Muscle Metabolism of Fructose (Anaerobic Glycolysis) Large Amounts of Hexokinase

Liver Metabolism of Fructose I (Little Hexokinase)

Liver Metabolism of Fructose II

Mechanism of Aldolase (Formation of Schiff Base)

Mechanism of Aldolase (Aldol Cleavage Reaction)

Mechanism of Aldolase (Formation of Dihydroxyacetone-P)

Liver Metabolism of Fructose III

Complexity of Liver Metabolism Breakdown of Many Metabolites

Fructose Intolerance Too Much Fructose Fructose-1-P Aldolase is rate-limiting Depletion of Pi Reduction in [ATP] Increase in glycolysis Accumulation of lactate (acid) in blood Fructose-1-P Aldolase Deficiency (Genetic Disease)

Galactose Metabolism

Lactose Metabolism (Dairy Products)

Mutarotation of b-D-Galactose

Glycolytic Enzymes are specific and do not recognize galactose!

Need Epimerization

Phosphorylation of Galactose

Activation of Galactose

Epimerization of UDP-Galactose

Mechanism of Epimerization

Glycoproteins Glycolipids (Require UDP-Galactose) Why UDP-Galactose? Glycoproteins Glycolipids (Require UDP-Galactose)

Formation of Glucose-1-P

Formation of Glucose-6-P Glucose-6-P ——> Glycolysis

Galactosemia (Mental Retardation and Death) Treatment Galactose-free diet (reversal of all symptoms except mental retardation)

Cataracts

Mannose Metabolism

Phosphorylation of Mannose

Isomerization of Mannose-6-P

THANK YOU

Mechanism of Isomerization

Aldoses and Ketoses

Mutarotation of Glucose

Mutarotation of Fructose