Do NOW: RB #97 # 1-5 on answer sheet Lab due by Wed: #26- Weathering Sugar Cubes HW due today: place in folder HW due by Wed: Participation Summary MIDTERM Review Packet- due by Wed. 1/5, 5 pt bonus if completed by this Thurs. –MUST BE ON SCAN-TRON!! *** Weathering & Soil QUIZ on Wed *** Tues. 12/21/10 BLUE Day

Part 2: Erosion & Deposition AIM: Describe the processes that cause erosion & deposition

when weathered rock and soil particles (sediment) are moved from one place to another Grand Canyon

a.An agent of erosion b.Sediment being moved c.Driving Force (Gravity) 2. What does an erosional system require?

Running Water

process by which sediments drop out of the water, wind, or ice carrying it

Into large bodies of water

When the velocity (speed) of an agent of erosion decreases or stops.

As a stream slows down, deposition increases Velocity Rate of deposition

Size- The larger the particle, the greater the rate of deposition Rate of Deposition Size of sediment

Shape- The rounder the particle, the greater the rate of deposition Rate of Deposition Roundness of sediment

Density- The more dense, the greater the rate of deposition (settling rate) Rate of Deposition Density of sediment

Do NOW: RB #97 # 6-10 on answer sheet Lab due by Wed: #26- Weathering Sugar Cubes HW due today-place in folder: Participation Summary MIDTERM Review Packet- due by Wed. 1/5, 5 pt bonus if completed by this Thurs. –MUST BE ON SCAN-TRON!! *** Weathering & Soil QUIZ TODAY *** Wed. 12/22/10 BLUE Day

Do NOW: RB #98 # on answer sheet MIDTERM Review Packet- due by Wed. 1/5, 5 pt bonus if completed by today. –MUST BE ON SCAN-TRON!! Test Corrections! Have an awesome break!!! Thurs. 12/23/10 BLUE Day

The more saturated the water is with minerals (e.g., salt), the more minerals will be deposited, or settle out. 9. How does the degree of saturation affect the rate of deposition? Start wed per 3

Sediments that are similar in size, shape or density

Sediments that are mixed in size, shape or density

When the velocity gradually decreases (a stream flows from a steep area to a flatter area) the larger, rounder and more dense sediments settle out first. Horizontal layers form 12. How does a gradual change in speed of wind or water affect how sediment is deposited?

Horizontal Sorting

When a mixture of sediments settles rapidly, it settles in vertical layers. The largest, roundest and most dense particles settle on the bottom and the smallest, flattest and least dense on top. 13. How does a rapid change in speed of running water affect how sediment is deposited?

Vertical Sorting

Do NOW: RB #100 # on answer sheet Extra Help: Tues/Wed Labs due by Fri: #28: Temp & Chem Weathering #29: Deposition of Sediments HW due by Fri : 1. Vocab packet #2 2. Textbook w/s (attached to vocab) 3. Stream w/s (TBA) 4. Study Guide: # 1-24 MIDTERM Review Packet- due by Wed.–MUST BE ON SCAN-TRON!! ** Gravity & Running Water & Vocab QUIZ on Thurs ** Mon. 1/3/11 GOLD Day

Part 3: Gravity & Running Water AIM: Describe how gravity and running water cause erosion & deposition

downhill movement of sediments caused by gravity

leaning trees

2. How does gravity deposit sediment?

running water has great energy of motion it is the most common agent of erosion

running water loses energy at bottom of slope  sediments are deposited

water flowing through a channel

a smaller stream that flows into a larger stream

The area of land drained by any one stream or river

Solution: dissolved minerals Suspension: carried within the stream Rolling: bouncing along the bottom (stream abrasion)

V- shaped valleys

Slope The greater the slope the greater the velocity

Volume (discharge) The greater the volume of water in a stream the greater the velocity

Channel Shape The rounder the stream channel, the greater the velocity due to less friction

In the center, just below the surface where there is less friction

On the outside of the bend, just below the surface where there is less friction Elbow = Erosion Dent = Deposition

The greater the velocity, the larger the sediment a river/stream can carry ESRT pg. 6!

New channel Oxbow Lake deposition of sediments Streams deposit SORTED sediment in the slowest sections

A thin, flat region on the sides of a stream subject to flooding and deposition Floodplain

Delta - large amount of sediments deposited at the mouth of a large river that flows into a lake or ocean river water is no longer flowing downhill; water slows down and deposits sediments Gulf of Mexico Mississippi Delta Bird’s Foot

Youthful stream (early stages): steep slopes, high energy, down cutting, erosion is dominant Mature stream: grows larger, more tributaries, begins to meander Old age: slow moving, many meanders, oxbow lakes, wide valleys, deposition is dominant

At the source, the stream has the maximum potential energy As it flows toward the mouth, the P.E. is converted to K.E. Kinetic energy is lost to friction. At the mouth, K.E. equals zero 17. How do potential and kinetic energy change from the source of a stream to its final destination (mouth)?

Red River

Part 4: Wind and Waves AIM: Describe how wind and waves cause erosion & deposition

1a. What type of sediment can be blown by wind? loose sediment the size of sand or smaller

Deflation – wind blows away loose sediments lowering the level of the land

Sand Blasting – wind blows sand against other rocks, forming small pits, called ‘frosted’

Sand Dunes – a large deposit (mound) of wind-blown sand The gentle side faces the direction the wind is coming from

2a. How do waves cause erosion? Breaking waves pound against the shoreline

2b. What is a longshore current? waves arrive at an angle to the shore A longshore current flows parallel to the shore

2c. What type of sediment do waves deposit? Rounded, Sorted sediments (it’s water!)

2d. What are some features of wave deposition? Beach Narrow portion of the shore formed from deposited sediments

2d. What are some features of wave deposition? Sandbar A pile of sand just above water level deposited by waves

2d. What are some features of wave deposition? Barrier Island Long, narrow island parallel to the shore Built by sand deposited by waves and wind Important feature that protects the mainland from storms

4/7/1981 Aerial Photo 2008 Google Earth Image

Part 5: Glaciers AIM: Describe how glaciers cause erosion & deposition

Snow builds up year after year and compacts Form naturally in areas where more snow falls than melts Continental Ice Sheets In high, mountain valleys Alpine (valley) glaciers

Bottom of glacier turns into ice Gravity pulls Alpine glaciers downhill Continental Ice Sheets move from the North towards the South across continents snow keeps adding on when it doesn’t completely melt in the summer

3a. What are some features of glacial erosion? Striations Parallel scratches or grooves glaciers leave on rocks

3a. What are some features of glacial erosion? Kettle Lakes A lake formed when a large block of ice buried in glacial sediments melts, leaving behind an oval depression filled with water

Horn –a sharp peak Cirque – bowl- shaped wall of rock Arete – sharp ridge separating two cirques

2b. What shaped valleys do glaciers carve out? U- Shaped valleys

ice at the front of a glacier begins to melt, depositing unsorted sediments called till. Creates a variety of depositional features

Moraine – ridge of till left behind by a retreating glacier Outwash Plain - sediments deposited by rivers of glacial meltwater in front of a terminal moraine

Drumlin – ridge of till left behind by a retreating glacier

Glacial Erratic- large rock fragments transported by a glacier and deposited in a new location