A2 Glacial Deposition. Glacial Deposition TODAY.

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Presentation transcript:

A2 Glacial Deposition

Glacial Deposition

TODAY

LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM

 Further compaction squeezes all the air spaces out.  The firn changes to a blue-green glacial ice.  Once it reaches a thickness of metres, the ice cannot support its own weight and yields to plastic flow.  It now moves downslope under its own weight.

Fluvio-glacial environment WATER - SORTED ICE UNSORTED Terminal

Glaciers: ERODETRANSPORTDEPOSIT

Processes of Transportation: 1. Supra-glacially- on the glacier surface 2. Englacially - inside the glacier 3. Subglacially - at the base of the glacier

Why does Deposition Occur? Ice Melting - due to: 1. Pressure Generated Heat 2. Geothermal Heat 3. Daytime Warming - Insolation 4. Warmer temperatures at lower altitudes 5. Prolonged insolation in Polar summers

Processes of DepositionLandforms 1. Melt-Out (TILL)Moraines Till Plains Erratics 2a. Fluvioglacial (CONSOLIDATED)Sandurs Varves Drumlins 2b. Ice ContactEskers Kames

Landforms 1. Melt-Out (TILL)Moraines Till Plains Erratics

Medial Moraine

Lateral Moraine

Supraglacial Moraine

Recessional Moraine

Till - unconsolidated - eg Cromer

Erratic - eg Norwegian erratics found in East Anglia

Landforms 2 Fluvioglacial (CONSOLIDATED) Sandurs Varves

Outwash plains / Sandurs. Kames and kettle lakes may be part of this environment.

As the ice melts, a hole, or kettle, forms in the debris. This is similar to burying an ice cube in fine sand; when the ice cube melts, a pit develops.

Views from Storadimon

A small delta

VARVES

Thick Varves = Warm Temperatures Lots of melting - Ablation Increased Deposition

Landforms 1b. Ice ContactEskers Kames Drumlins

Sediment deposited

Esker - a sinuous ridge of sands and gravels

ICE NB supraglacial channels flow to side of glacier (as glacier is slightly higher in the middle. The lateral stream channels are trapped by the valley sides. They carry sediment - hence SORTED deposits - and are different to lateral moraines - which are UNSORTED. Valley Side Valley Side

Once the ice has melted away (I.e in an interglacial period) a terrace is left perched up on the valley wall - SORTED deposits

Drumlins

The situation is further complicated by subsequent re-working of the sediments - for example by climatic cooling and a subsequent ice re-advance.This can make it difficult to establish what a drumlin actually is as the evidence can been bulldozed by ice Example Bangor, North Wales

Rock Flour

As rock flour enters this lake in Alberta, Canada, it turns the water milky.

An iceberg containing glacial debris.

What are these landforms of glacial deposition?

A2 REVISION GLACIAL DEPOSITION

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