Fig. 5-COa, p. 128

Fig. 5-COb, p. 129

Age (Ma) cmEvents Post-extinction layer: Sediments containing microfossils from after the dinosaurs Tertiary 65.0 Fireball layer: Dust and ash fallout from the asteroid impact 60 Ejecta layer: Material blasted from the crater and deposited here within days to months 70 Cretaceous

Fig. 5-1, p. 130

Fig. 5-2, p. 130

Fig. 5-3, p. 130

Fig. 5-4, p. 131

Depth Scour moat km miles West East

Table 5-1, p. 132

Fig. 5-5, p. 132

1, Erosion Transportation cm /sec Stream velocity (cm/sec) 1 1 cm /sec Deposition ClaySiltSandGravel A Particle size (diameter in mm)

Table 5-2, p. 133

Fig. 5-6, p. 133

Erosion Transport Uplift Deposition Sedimentary beds Lithospheric plate

Fig. 5-7a, p. 134

Fig. 5-7b, p. 134

Fig. 5-7c, p. 134

Fig. 5-8, p. 135

Fig. 5-9, p. 136

Fig. 5-10, p. 137

Terrigenous deposits:Biogenous deposits: Hydrogenous deposits also present (manganese nodules) Continental margin sediments Calcareous oozes Glacial-marine sediments Siliceous radiolarian oozes Pelagic claysSiliceous diatom oozes

Table 5-3, p. 137

Fig. 5-11, p. 138

Fig. 5-12, p. 139

Storm winds Sea level Wave base Substrate liquefied by wave activity Turbidity current Key Turbidity currents Submarine canyon Deep- sea fans Distance from shelf edge km miles Continental slope Continental rise Abyssal plain Continental shelf Sediment slump masses Graded beds of turbidites Underlying basaltic crust 100

Fig. 5-12, p. 139 Stepped Art Key Turbidity currents Submarine canyon Deep- sea fans Distance from shelf edge km miles Continental slope Continental rise Abyssal plain Continental shelf Sediment slump masses Graded beds of turbidites Underlying basaltic crust 100 Storm winds Sea level Wave base Substrate liquefied by wave activity Turbidity current

Fig. 5-13a, p. 140

Fig. 5-13b, p. 140

Fig. 5-13c, p. 140

Fig. 5-14, p. 141

Fig. 5-15, p. 141

Antarctic CaCO 3 accumulates above CCD Arctic CaCO 3 dissolves below CCD CCD “Marine snow” 4,500 meters Below CCD, water holds more CO 2, which results in more carbonic acid, which dissolves CaCO 3 faster.

Fig. 5-16a, p. 142

Fig. 5-16b, p. 142

Fig. 5-17a, p. 143

Fig. 5-17b, p. 143

Fig. 5-18a, p. 143

Fig. 5-18b, p. 143

Fig. 5-19, p. 144

Fig. 5-20, p. 145

Fig. 5-21a, p. 146

Fig. 5-21b-d, p. 146

Fig. 5-22a, p. 146

Fig. 5-22b-e, p. 146

Fig. 5-23a, p. 147

Fig. 5-23b, p. 147

Fig. 5-24, p. 147

Fig. 5-25, p. 148

Burst of air Hydrophone Sound reflects from the junctions between sub- bottom layers Bottom

Fig. 5-26, p. 149

Bonin Trough Jurassic and older? Early Cretaceous Eocene- Paleocene Mariana Trench Middle Cretaceous More than 136 Ma up to the Mariana Trench 136 Ma110 Ma88 Ma65 Ma38 Ma Present location of the East Pacific Rise 26 Ma 12 Ma

Fig. 5-27, p. 150