INTEGRA Synthesis of LBA Workshops, books, reviews, integrated data analysis of all towers across the basin, model improvements,… Intensive Ground Atmosphere Activities in the Amazon for the Integration of Carbon, Water, Aerosol and Trace Gases Processes and Budgets

BARCA-LBA BALANÇO REGIONAL DE CARBONO NA AMAZÔNIA REGIONAL CARBON BUDGET IN THE AMAZON A PART OF INTEGRA/LBA

LBA sites Sinop São Gabriel da Cachoeira Brasília

Estações meteorológicas de superfície - SIVAM

SYNOP METAR

Estações meteorológicas de altitude - SIVAM

Operational Upper Air Stations

Radares meteorológicos - SIVAM

Rede de detectores de relâmpagos - SIVAM

J. Ritchey

Activities to promote simultaneous observation activities in and around the Amazon Basin as a basis for the budgets of heat, water, carbon. conduct the regular surface measurements in towers and operational networks with high quality during a full year starting in August 2004 have two intensive campaigns with aircraft missions and extra measurements in October 2004 and May 2005

Rationale Airborne observations- an intermediate- scale of measurement in scaling-up site- specific information. The goal is to unify bottom-up and top- down determination of Basin-wide budgets for CO2, CO, water, aerosols, and other species, using in situ aircraft data, tower site flux and concentration data, and satellite measurements, combined using models.

Gaps to be filled by airborne campaign Carbon dioxide measurements from the aircraft will provide essential information for evaluating approaches to quantify vegetation recovery and biomass change following forest clearing and various forms of land use. They also will enable more accurate biophysical parameter assessments over regions and enable validation of satellite algorithms for deriving these parameters.

J.Lloyd

Conceptual Model

Water Budget

Air going out of the basin at the top…

Air going into the basin at the bottom…

Campaign strategy

S. Wofsy

Airborne activities Basin Wide Lear Jet (Lider Taxi Aereo) – up tp 42,000 ft, INPE Bandeirante up tp 15,000 ft –Continuous, CO, CO2, O3, isotopes, emission factors (nephelometer) – Flasks (+ NOx, CH4,…) EU Amazonas Project – profiles in Manaus, Porto Velho – Rio Branco – continuous and flasks Extra radiosondes …

Lagrangian regional experiments: diurnal airborne measurements of CO 2, CO, and H 2 O within and above the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). Eulerian experiments: vertical profiles at different times of the day over selected locations Large-scale surveys: sampling of large-scale CO 2 distribution along the synoptic flow pattern, combined with knowledge of diurnal variations from the Eulerian experiments, gives Basin-scale flux constraints

Location of intensive flight areas Santarém intensive flight area: Lagrangian experiments and multiple diurnal profiling, covering the area around Santarem, including Tapajos National forest, Tapajós River, and Amazon River. Other intensive flight area … to be defined

Operations Center Weather Forecasting for flight planning to be conducted in close cooperation with SIPAM and with the support of the Central Office (INPA) in Manaus

An example showing the changes in the Planetary Boundary Layer over the US in COBRA-2000: carbon monoxide over North Dakota. The flight tracks are shown as grey lines. These flights were carried out about 100 km apart, following the mean wind on that day. The aircraft operated under visual flight rules.

An example showing the cross section of CO 2 concentrations over the US in COBRA The flight tracks are shown as grey lines. These flights traversed 2/3 of the US, the left one near the Canadian border, the right through from Idaho, south to Oklahoma. In the northern transect, the effect of vegetation uptake (growth) on CO 2 can be seen; due to drought, there was no uptake in the southern transect.

Biomass fires CO 2 and CO BRAMS assimilated met. Tower flux data BARCA CO 2 and CO data

Actions WhatWhoWhen 1. Scientific expedition Wofsy, Artaxo, LBA Central Office now 2. SIVAM visit, presentation of BARCA Artaxo, Assunção, Fisch, INPA November 3. Send to all LBA – set a BARCA mailing list LBA Central Office, Assunção December 4. Vegetation maps, inundation maps, KellerJanuary-June

WhatWhoWhen 5. Flask coordination: surface, airborne J. MillerJanuary-June 6. Uniform CO2 calibration for all towers Manzi, LBA Central Office January-June