Chapter #21 Other Organic Compounds NearingZero.net.

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Chapter #21 Other Organic Compounds NearingZero.net

Chapter 21.1 Functional group is an atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound.

Alcohols are organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) 1.Name the parent compound. Locate the longest continuous chain that contains the hydroxyl group. Change the ending –ol. If there are more than one OH –diol, -triol,… 2.Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain. Number the carbon atoms in the chain so that the -OH has the lowest #. 3.Insert position numbers. Place the # of the OH before the parent name. 4.Punctuate the name.

Alkyl halides are organic compounds in which one or more halogens atoms. 1.Name the parent compound. Locate the longest continuous chain that contains the halogen. 2.Number the parent carbon chain. # the C’s so that the SUM of the halogen #’s is as low as possible. 3.Insert position numbers. 4.Punctuate the name.

Ethers are organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same atom of oxygen. R-O-R’ R= a hydrocarbon chain 1.Name the parent compound. The word ether with will come at the end. 2.Add the names of the alkyl groups. Put in alpha order. 3.Leave appropriate spaces in the name.

Chapter 21.2 Aldehydes are organic compounds in which the carbonyl group (C=O) is attached to a carbon atom at the end of a carbon chain. 1.Name the parent compound. Locate the longest continuous chain that contains the carbonyl group. 2.Add the ending –al.

Ketones are organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain. 1.Name the parent compound. Locate the longest continuous chain that contains the carbonyl group. Add the suffix –one to the prefix. 2.Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain. Number the carbon atoms in the chain so the carbonyl has the lowest #. 3.Insert position numbers. 4.Punctuate the name.

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain the carboxyl group. 1. Name the parent compound. Locate the longest continuous chain that contains the carboxyl group. 2. Change the ending to –oic acid. If there are more than one carboxyl groups –dioic acid -trioic acid

Esters are organic compounds with carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group. 1. Name the parent compound. 2. change the –oic acid ending in the name of this acid to –oate. 3. Add the name of the alkyl group. 4. Punctuate the name.

Amines are organic compounds that can be considered to be derivatives of ammonia NH 3 1. Name the parent compound. 2. change the ending to -amine 3. Add the name of the alkyl group. 4. Punctuate the name.

Chapter 21.3 Substitution reactions- is one in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. Addition reactions- is one in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule (has multiple bonds) and increases the saturation of the molecule. (has to have double or triple bonds and those break apart)

Condensation reactions is one in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine. Elimination reactions is one in which a simple molecule, such as water or ammonia, is removed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule.

Chapter 21.4 Read over section…

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