 Favors a multifaceted approach that is developmental and educative  Emphasizes prevention  Takes into account the effects of the community on the client  Seeks to empower clients through advocacy

 Wellness model: mental health problems occur on a continuum; seeking a higher level of wellness ◦ Everyone experiences the symptoms (sx) described in the DSM-IV  Most problems are developmental; must understand the dynamics of human growth ◦ Cannot address Sx in a vacuum ◦ For Example:

 Prevention and early intervention are preferable to remediation, when possible ◦ Stress management; support groups; psychoeducation (e.g. CHADD)  Goal of counseling is to empower clients to solve problems independently ◦ Address their own life problems ◦ Learn how to manage a mental illness, with ongoing help from the counselor

 Title: ◦ A new paradigm for teaching counseling theory and practice.  Author(s): ◦ Cheston, Sharon E., Loyola Coll of Maryland, Dept of Pastoral Counseling, Baltimore, MD, US  Source: ◦ Counselor Education and Supervision, Vol 39(4), Jun pp

 Involves the body of counseling knowledge that explains ◦ Personality theory and structure ◦ Normal and abnormal human development, and ◦ Different ways people change.  Includes ◦ Understanding levels of the unconscious and conscious (Psychodynamic) ◦ Human behavior (Behaviorist) ◦ Formation of belief systems (Cognitive) ◦ Early childhood family environment ◦ The ways individuals assimilate culture (Multicultural)  A way of understanding also involves knowledge of clients' strengths, resources, and existing skills.  CASE CONCEPTUALIZATION

 Addresses the counselor's presence in the room with the client. ◦ Who the counselor is ◦ degree of empathy expressed ◦ values the counselor demonstrates ◦ boundaries that are set ◦ importance ascribed to the relationship  Each theory proposes how the counselor should "be" with a client to establish an atmosphere in which change can occur.

 The "work" of therapy ◦ The means by which a counselor interrupts the client's cycle of dysfunction and allows for the processing of healthier alternatives of living ◦ Assist the client by structuring the change process and using counseling knowledge to implement steps toward the goal  Interventions can include reframing feelings, changing attitudes, altering belief systems, gaining insight, grieving, or staying with painful feelings in the presence of another supportive person.  TREATMENT PLAN

 Mindfulness Based Cognitive Theory ◦ People’s ways of thinking about things  And their relationship to their mental objects  Behaviorism Theory ◦ Classical/Operant Conditioning and Social Learning matter  Existential Theory ◦ Finding meaning and purpose in life  Person-Centered Theory ◦ People need emotional validation  Biological/Medical Theories ◦ Many mental illnesses are grounded in physiology, often genetic in origin ◦ Diathesis Stress Model

 Person-Centered ◦ Accurate empathy, genuineness, acceptance  “Presence” ◦ Non-Directive  Motivational Interviewing ◦ PC, with a “twist” (semi-directive) ◦ Not an Intervention!  Cognitive ◦ PC, with Socratic dialog and reframing  Mindfulness Based ◦ Acceptance in the moment

 Person-Centered ◦ “Getting it;” covers Existential interventions  Cognitive/Behavioral ◦ Change the way you think… ◦ Develop new conditioning schedules ◦ Psychoeducation, when appropriate  Mindfulness ◦ “Turn on, tune in, drop in” ◦ Radical Acceptance ◦ Heart of the Change Process

 Overview of credentialing of counselors and programs using the websites of: ◦ DSAMH: ◦ State of Delaware Professional License Board   NBCC: ◦ ACA: ◦ CACREP:

 National Certified Counselor Status ◦ Pass the Nat’l Board of Certified Counselors (NBCC) Examination  National Certified Counselor (NCC) Status  NBCC allows grads of CACREP accredited programs to take exam  If not a grad of a CACREP accredited program, the NBCC will audit transcript and advise on additional educational requirements, including clinically oriented internship

 Two years of Professional Clinical Counseling Experience ◦ Duties MUST be clinically oriented (i.e. individual, group, couples, family counseling) ◦ “Clinically oriented” means provision of treatment for mental illnesses

 Two years of Professional Clinical Counseling Experience ◦ Duties MUST be provided in a Professional Clinical Mental Health Counseling Setting  Is the setting obligated to follow HIPAA laws?  Is the setting obligated to obtain Informed Consent for treatment?

 Clinical Counseling Experience ◦ Two Years Experience ◦ At least 3200 Hours of Work Experience as a LACMH  1500 Hours Direct Service  At least 750 face-to-face  Supervised by a LPCMH ◦ If LPCMH is not available for supervision then it may be provided by LCSW, Licensed Psychologist or Licensed Psychiatrist – WITH PERMISSION FROM THE BOARD ◦ Minimum of 100 hours of clinical supervision required

 Alternate Path to Licensure: Reciprocity ◦ Present proof of current licensure in good standing in another State, DC, American territory and; ◦ whose standards for licensure are substantially similar to those of this State.  If the Jurisdiction’s standards are not substantially similar, then: ◦ held a license in good standing for a minimum of 5 years in the other jurisdiction ◦ certified by the NBCC

 Licensed Associate Professional Counselor of Mental Health (LACMH) ◦ Pre-License process ◦ Must be a National Certified Counselor (NCC) ◦ Application lays out the plan to become licensed, including:  Clinical Work Setting and Duties  Clinical Supervisor ◦ If approved by the Board AND followed, will lead to LPCMH