Cultural Transformations Religion and Science

Christianity in Europe

Primarily European (pre 1500s) Old gods seemed weaker By 1700 majority converted Not always by choice Blending of religions Saints begin to resemble the role of pre-Columbian gods Festivals start blending cultures Globalization of Christianity - Americas

China and the Jesuits China – not conquered Jesuits acted as curious scholars coming to trade ideas Pointed out parallels of Confucian and Christianity Said rituals were secular so not a problem But never really caught on Offered nothing really new (too many parallels between traditional religions) Missionaries kicked out 1715 Work for new Qing Pope condemns rituals

Christianity and the Slave Trade Blended west African and Christianity Vodou – Haiti Santeria – Cuba Candomble and Macumba - Brazil

India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide Hindu population ruled by Muslim Mughals Bhakti movement dance that did not observe caste distinctions Dance was very similar to Sufi in that dace gets you closer to the divine Poetry also was anti-caste and tradition Sikhism Blend of Hindu and Islam Ignored caste system Ended seclusion of women

Expansion and renewal in the Islamic World 1 st 1000 yrs – It blended or accommodated 1700s – Islamic Renewal - Expulsion of non-Islamic influences Aurangzeb – India Wahhabism – Arabian Peninsula Al-Wahhab and Mohhamad Ibn Saud My trip to Al-Qeda 30:36 ?

China: New direction in an old tradition Wang Yangming – questions Confucian ideas (late Ming) Just think intelligently Don’t have to spend time studying Confucian classics Individualism Got some blame for fall of Ming Kaozheng movement – Very similar to scientific method – research based facts Applied more to the study of the past