Compounds, Mixtures, and Solutions Notes

COMPOUNDS

A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. Compounds can have different properties from the elements that combine to make them. Compounds can be broken down back to elements only by chemical change.

Examples of Compounds: Table Salt = Sodium and Chlorine Water = Hydrogen and Oxygen Sugar = Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Baking Soda = Sodium, Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen

Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined. NO chemical change happens when a mixture is made. Most mixtures can be separated back into their individual components.

Examples of Mixtures Seasoning = salt, pepper, spices, herbs Toss Salad = lettuce, tomato, carrot, radish

SOLUTIONS A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance. Components are distributed equally making it appear the same.

Solute Solute – the substance that is dissolved Must be able to dissolve Solutes can often dissolve faster by shaking, stirring, heating, or crushing.

Solvent Solvent - the substance in which the solute is dissolved in WATER is called the universal solvent because many things will dissolve in water.

Examples of Solutions: Chocolate milk = Chocolate syrup (solute) and milk (solvent) Salt water – Salt (solute) and water (solvent) Kool Aid – sugar/flavoring (solute) and water (solvent)

The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent is the concentration. Saturated - a solution that has all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature. Unsaturated – a solution that has less solute than it can hold at a given temperature. Supersaturated – solution has too much solute and not all of the solute dissolves