Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Elements are substances that cannot be separated into any other substances by chemical or physical means.

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Presentation transcript:

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Elements are substances that cannot be separated into any other substances by chemical or physical means

A pure substance is only ONE type of element.

Elements are organized by their properties on the Periodic Table of Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements

Period (Rows) numbers are listed on the left hand side of the Periodic Table and apply to all the elements in the row that follows it

Group (Families) numbers are listed at the top of the periodic table and apply to all the elements in the column below it

Elements are represented by chemical symbols.

1 st Letter is always capitalized. If it has a 2 nd letter it is NOT capitalized.

An atom is the smallest particle of an element (smallest unit)

Examples: H = Hydrogen He = Helium Ca = Calcium C = Carbon Au = Gold O= Oxygen, O 2 = Oxygen we breathe, O₃= Ozone

A compound is made of TWO or MORE different elements chemically combined in a set proportion or ratio.

Compounds undergo a chemical change when the elements bond together. The properties of the compound are DIFFERENT than those of the elements that made it.

Compounds are represented by formulas

Subscripts are small lowered numbers that follow a chemical symbol. Example: H 2 O (2 atoms of Hydrogen, and one atom of Oxygen) The subscript represents the number of atoms of the element which are present. No subscript = 1

Examples: Water H₂O Sugar C₆H₁₂O₆ Salt NaCl Carbon Dioxide CO₂

Mixtures are a substance that is made of two or more substances (elements, compounds or both), but are NOT chemically combined.

The components can be separated back out by physical means.

Examples: Sea Water Soil Soda Salad Gases in the atmosphere

A solution is a special kind of mixture where one substance is dissolved in another substance.. Ex: salt water, Kool-Aid This is a PHYSICAL CHANGE.