Acids, Bases, and Solutions Chapter 7 Sections 1, 2

The Six S’s  Solutions are well mixed mixtures where you usually can’t see the individual parts.  Examples: soda pop, glue  Suspensions are mixtures where the individual parts can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration.  Examples: different coins, sand in water

Comparison of Solution, Suspension, And Colloid

The Six S’s  Solvents are the part of solutions that are in the largest amount, usually what are doing the dissolving.  Solutes are the part of solutions that are in the smallest amount, usually what are being dissolved.

Types of Solutions

The Six S’s  Solubility is the measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.  Saturation is the point at which no more solute can dissolve in the solvent.

What happens to particles of a solute when a solution forms?  In general, the particles of the solute leave each other and become surrounded by particles of the solvent.  This can happen in one of two ways depending on if the solute is ionic (polar) or covalently (nonpolar) bonded.  Remember this idea: like dissolves like.

What happens to particles of a solute when a solution forms?  Ionic (polar molecules)- positive and negative ions separate and are attracted to the positive and negative ends of the polar solvent molecules.  Conduct electricity

Polar solute dissolves in polar solvent

What happens to particles of a solute when a solution forms?  Covalent (nonpolar molecules)- individual molecules separate and are surrounded by the solvent molecules.  Do not conduct electricity

Nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvent

Concentration  The amount of one material in a certain volume of another material, or the amount of solute in total amount of solution  Dilute solution- add half the pack of Kool-Aid mix  Concentrated solution- add two packs of Kool-Aid mix

Solubility  Unsaturated - more solute can be added and dissolved  Saturated - no more solute can be added or dissolved  Changes with temperature  Solids are more soluble at higher temp  Gases are less soluble at higher temp  Changes with pressure  Changes with type of solvent  Based on concentration and polarity of solvent

Solutes affect solutions  When a solute is added to a solvent it can:  Lower freezing point- solution must get colder to freeze  Raise boiling point- solution must get hotter to boil

Solute lowers freezing point Liquid water solution Solid (frozen) water