Other Organic Compounds Table R – for most of these you will use Table R for examples.

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Presentation transcript:

Other Organic Compounds Table R – for most of these you will use Table R for examples

Organic Alcohols: General Formula R-OH.Monohydroxyl alcohol: a. contains one -OH group(s) b. to name: use alkane name, drop the e and add –ol *most alcohols are monohydroxyl

Example: Structure Molecular Name

Primary Alcohol: one with the –OH group attached to an end carbon (attached to a carbon that is attached to only one other carbon) ex:

Secondary Alcohol one with the –OH group attached to a carbon that is attached to two other carbons ex: To name a secondary alcohol, you must name the longest carbon chain and everything that is attached to that chain is named as you would name the alkenes and alkynes. Ex:

Tertiary Alcohol one with the –Oh group attached to a carbon that is attached to three other carbons. Ex: *name the same way you would name secondary alcohols!

Dihydroxyl Alcohols a. contains two -OH group(s) b. to name: use alkane name, drop the e and add –diol *also include the carbon #’s the – OH groups are attached to. c. you should know: C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 Structure Stock Name Common Name

Trihydroxyl Alcohols a. contains three -OH group(s) b. to name: use alkane name, drop the e and add –triol *also, name the carbon #’s the –OH groups are attached to. c. you should know: C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 StructureStock Name Common Name

Organic Acids (Carboxylic Acids) *weak electrolytes* The only organic electrolytes – General Formula: R-COOH to name: use alkane name, drop the e and add –oic acid Molecular FormStructureName 1 2

Aldehydes General Formula R-CHO a. to name: use the alkane name, drop the e and add - al Molecular FormStructureName 1 2 **be careful, name is close to alcohol name!!!

Ketones General Formula R-C-R a. to name: use the alkane name, drop the e and add –one, also name the # of the carbon containing the =O Molecular FormStructureName

Esters The product of a combination reaction between an acid and an alcohol. General Formula R-COOR’ a. to name: use the beginning of the alcohol name and the ending of the acid name. Change the acid name by dropping –ic and adding –ate. Molecular FormStructureName

Ethers General Formula R-O-R’ a. to name: name the groups attached to the –O- Molecular FormStructureName *Diethyl ether is commonly used as a solvent and anesthetic*

B.Amines: 1.General FormulaR-NH 2 ; functional group –NH 2 – a. to name: drop the e off the alkane name, add - amine Molecular FormulaStructure Name

B.Amino Acids: the building blocks of proteins, they are the combination of acids and amines. 1. Simple amino acids are named using the IUPAC system, but most are complex and common names are used. Example:

B.Amides: the combination of an amine and an aldehyde 1.General FormulaR-C-NH 2 – a. to name: drop the e from the alkane name and add -amide Molecular FormulaStructureName