Architecture

Studying architecture helps us understand history better .

3,000 BC – 70 AD Egyptian Pyramids burial places for pharaohs built by thousands of slaves The Great Sfinx of Giza

ASTRONOMICAL PURPOSES OR WORSHIPPING? England ASTRONOMICAL PURPOSES OR WORSHIPPING? Stonehenge 3,100-1,900 BC Avebury

Greece and Rome Classical architecture 600 BC – 5th AD Artemis Temple (Greece) Parthenon (Greece) Coliseum (Rome) Decorative elements: columns arches Materials: invention of concrete

Hadrian´s Wall between England and Scotland - 120 km long protective line (the Picts´attacks) building was started in 122 AD by Roman Emperor Hadrian

Romanesque architecture (11-13th century) St George´s Basilica on mountain Říp Typical buildings: Basilicas Monasteries rotundas St. George´s Basilica in Prague Material: stone

Romanesque architecture (11-13th century) features: massive buildings round arches painted walls rounded windows, doors Durham Cathedral – a typical Romanesque building in England

Gothic architecture (12 – 15th century) Notre Dame in Paris Salisbury Cathedral, England Features: - arches - vaults - tall buildings - colourful stained glass windows

Gothic architecture (12 – 15th century) Famous architects: Peter Parler Matthias of Arras Saint Vitus Cathedral in Prague Karlstein

Renaissance architecture (15 – 16th century) Renaissance = rebirth of life Typical features: - smaller symmetrical buildings - horizontal lines - windows and doors square or rectangular - sgraffito, stucco Louvre St. Peter´s Basilica in Vatican

Renaissance architecture (15 – 16th century) Architects: Michelangelo Buonarotti Leonardo da Vinci Rafael Santi Typical buildings: mansions palaces town houses Belveder Palace in Prague Slavonice

Baroque architecture (17 – 19th century) St Paul´s Cathedral In London Architects: - Sir Christopher Wren Versailles, Paris Typical features: complicated shapes fancy decorations luxurious details irregular shapes contrast between light and dark colours - extravagant ornamentation

Baroque architecture (17 – 19th century) Buildings: chateaux huge domes St Nicholas Church in Prague Troja Palace, Prague

Classicism (18th century) Inspired by ancient Greece Typical buildings: spas theatres triumph arches gates fortifications František´s Spas Theatre of Estates in Prague Typical features: straight lines light colours not many decorations

Neo-Classical architecture (18 – 19th century) Capitol Inspiration: Roman and Greek buildings White House Typical features: geometrical shapes columns domed roofs

Neo-Gothic architecture (18 – 20th century) the Houses of Parliament

Art Nouveau (1895 – 1905) New materials glass clay Features: Municipal House in Prague Features: twisting lines wavy shapes focus on details Industrial Palace in Prague New materials glass clay Main Train Station in Prague

Art Nouveau (1895 – 1905) in Kladno Theatre in Kladno Grammar School Library

Art Deco architecture (1918 – 1939) The Empire State Building Radio City Music Hall in New York

Art Deco architecture (1918 – 1939) originally only for rich people later became popular with the general public Alcron Hotel in Prague Materials: aluminium  stainless steel Lacquer Bakelite Chrome inlaid wood

Functionalism 1920 - 1970 Villa Tugendhat in Brno Tower block in Kladno-Rozdelov

VOCABULARY monastery – mužský klášter pharao – faraon worshipping – uctívání bohů concrete – beton arch - oblouk vault – klenba colourful stained glass – vitráž rectangular – obdélníkový, pravoúhlý mansion – honosné sídlo, velký obytný dům mansions (GB - blok činožovních domů) fancy – luxusní, vyšperkovaný dome – kupole, báň chrámu Art Nouveau – secese the general public – široká veřejnost chrome – pochromovaný povrch inlaid wood – vykládané dřevo