US II | Ms. Burke

 Between 1900 and 1915, more than 15 million immigrants arrived in the US  1910 – 75% of NYC’s population were either immigrations or first generation Americans  (first generation : sons/daughters of immigrants)  The countries of origins changed!  Old Immigrants  New Immigrants

OLD IMMIGRANTS  1820 – 1870  ~7.5 million  Northern & Western Europe  Great Britain, Ireland, Western Germany NEW IMMIGRANTS  1881 – 1920  ~23.5 million  Southern & Eastern Europe  Austro-Hungary, Italy, Russia

 9/6/1860 – 5/21/1935  Pioneer social worker, feminist, Nobel Peace Prize winner, public philosopher, suffrage activist  Her father was good friends with Abraham Lincoln!  He would write letters with “My Dear Double D-ed Addams”

 SUFFRAGE WORK:  Said if women were responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live – they needed to be able to vote to do that!  She became a role model for middle class women

What history usually says:  Studied medicine but failed out due to ill health  Traveled internationally to write and “find her passion” with a friend – Ellen Starr  Saw a Settlement House in England and wanted to recreate it in US  Asexual What actually happened:  Her family tried to force her to be a debutante  Her family tried to force her to marry her stepbrother  She escaped with the help of her long-term romantic partner – Ellen Starr  Dated wealthy philanthropist Mary Rozet Smith

 “an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community”  Provided daycare, education, and healthcare  Why did the Progressive Era need Settlement Houses?

 Increased immigration  Tenement life  Disease-ridden  Long work hours  Poverty  Jacob Riis and How the Other Half Lives

 Most famous settlement house – located in Chicago, IL  Started by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr in 1889  Focused on providing education and recreational facilities for European immigrant women and children  By 1913, there were 413 houses in 32 states

 Why is the truth of Jane Addams not known?  What advantages did women in “sentimental friendships” have over heterosexually married women?  What advantages did they have over single women?  “sentimental friendships”  Often romantic relationships between women that are hidden from the outside world  OR they are not hidden at all, and history just ignores them  Addams always requested a single bed when she traveled with Smith, yet they were just considered “roommates” and “friends”