Nationalism and Sectionalism Chapter 9, Section 2 Nationalism and Sectionalism

As you have learned in previous chapters, each section of the country had very different socioeconomic interests North: Business, Commerce, Industry South: Agriculture, plantation farming, labor force of slaves West: Expansion, settlement, and development These very different interests are going to play a large role in the outbreak of the Civil War. Pay close attention to the developments, economy, and culture of these sections of the nation

Growing Nationalism Nationalism Feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation Henry Clay Representative from Kentucky Believed a strong national economy would promote nationalism and reduce regional conflicts Developed the American System Series of measures intended to make the United States economically self-sufficient

Growing Nationalism American System Establish a protective tariff A tariff is a tax on imported goods that protects a nation’s businesses from foreign competition Made European goods more expensive than American-made products Establish a national bank Promote a single currency Made trade easier Improve the country’s transportation system Important for a strong economy Poor roads made transportation slow and expensive

Growing Nationalism Some members of Congress believed that the Constitution did not permit the federal government to spend money on internal improvements Clay argued that the possible gains for the country justified federal action

Roads and Canals Early 1800’s-most roads made of dirt, making travel difficult. To improve roads, Congress invested in road building Cumberland Road First road built by the federal government From Cumberland, MD to Wheeling (modern day West Virginia) Workers had to cut a 66 ft wide band, at times through forest Used shovels and pickaxes to dig a 12-18” roadbed Work had to be done without modern day bulldozers or steamrollers

Roads and Canals Americans also tried to make water transportation easier by building canals Erie Canal Ran from Albany to Buffalo, New York Construction began in 1817 and was completed in 1825 British, German, and Irish immigrants dug the canal by hand Allowed goods and people to move between towns on Lake Erie and New York City and the east coast

Era of Good Feelings 1815-1825 Time of peace, pride, and progress Emphasis on national unity was strengthened by 2 supreme court cases McCulloch v Maryland Gibbons v Ogden

Era of Good Feelings McCulloch v Maryland Gibbons v Ogden The Supreme Court ruled that a state could not tax a federal bank Asserted the implied powers of Congress in allowing for the creation of a national bank Gibbons v Ogden The Supreme Court ruled that interstate commerce could be regulated only by the federal government States could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce Strengthened power of the federal government, which reflected a growing nationalist spirit

The Missouri Compromise Sectionalism Loyalty to one’s section of the country Disagreements between the different regions of the United States North South West 1819-Missouri applied for statehood At the time, there were 11 slave states and 11 free states Adding a new slave state to the Union would disrupt the balance in the Senate in favor of the South

The Missouri Compromise To protect the power of free states, the House of Representatives passed a special amendment Declared that the United States would accept Missouri as a slave state but importing enslaved Africans into Missouri would be illegal Set free the children of Missouri slaves This angered Southern politicians

The Missouri Compromise 3 main conditions Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state Maine created and to join the Union as a free state, keeping the number of free and slave states equal Slavery prohibited in any new territories or states formed north of 36º30’ latitude-Missouri’s southern border

The Election of 1824 Controversy Andrew Jackson won the popular election but did not have enough electoral votes to win Per the Constitution, the decision went to the House of Representatives The House chose John Quincy Adams Jackson supporters claimed that Adams made a corrupt bargain with Henry Clay Accusations grew louder after Adams chose Clay as his Secretary of State This controversy weakened Adams’s support

Presidential Fact John Quincy Adams was the first President in United States History to have his photograph taken.