Agriculture in India Prepared by: Mrs. Savita Kukreti Pawar Public School Kandivali
Agricultural Seasons Season Kharif Rabi Zaid Sowing Jun- Jul Oct - Dec Aug – Sep (ZKC) Feb – Mar (ZRC) Harvesting Sep - Oct Mar - Apr Dec – Jan Apr - May Crops Rice Wheat Millets, vegetables
Rice cultivation Rainfall: 150cm to 300 cm Temperature: 16⁰ C to 32⁰ C Soil: Alluvial – deep, fertile, clayey and loamy
Upland rice Lowland rice
Steps Sowing Transplanting Processing Harvesting
Seeds are scattered by hand – labour saving Seeds are dropped in the furrows Seeds are dropped in a straight line at regular intervals in furrows
Traditional Method
Japanese Method
Harvesting Threshing Winnowing Milling By hand – using a sickle Crop allowed to dry in the field for 3-4 days Threshing Bullocks to separate grains from the chaff Sheaves are beaten against the bars Winnowing Husk is removed from the grain Milling Polishing – graded – stored in sacks Par boiling the grain to remove the outer husk
Rice Distribution in India
WHEAT
Wheat Cultivation in India Rainfall: 40cm to 75cm Temperature: 10⁰ C to 15⁰ C (sowing time) 20⁰ C to 25⁰ C (harvesting time) Soil: Fertile deep alluvial
Broadcasting Drilling Dribbling Sowing Winnowing Processing Harvesting
Wheat Distribution in India
Millets Jowar Ragi Bajra
Jowar
Bajra
Ragi
PULSES
Crop Temperature Rainfall Soil Jowar < 16⁰ C < 100 cm Clayey - sandy Bajra 25⁰ C - 30⁰ C 40 – 50 cm Black and Red soils Ragi 20⁰ C - 30⁰ C 50 -100 cm Red soil Pulses 20⁰ C - 25⁰ C 50 – 75 cm Dry and light