king Saud university Nursing college community & mental health nursing Problem based learning {PBL} Mofida ALbarrak 1AL-barrak 2006

Out line *1* Introduction *2* Aims of my lecture *3* Idea of problem based learning *4* Define problem based learning *5* The 7-jump-format of (PBL) 2AL-barrak 2006

IntroductionIntroduction PBL is one of the most important developments in health professions education in latter part of the twentieth century 3AL-barrak 2006

Aims of my lecture *1* To familiarize you with the terms & concepts of Problem based learning *2* To make you apply Problem based learning 4AL-barrak 2006

Idea of PBL The principle idea behind problem-based learning is that starting point for learning should be a problem, a query or a puzzle that the learner wishes to solve 5AL-barrak 2006

Definition of problem- based learning The PBL-process is : Encountering the problem first, problem solving with clinical skills & identifying learning needs in an interactive process, self study … & summarizing what has been learned (Barrows 1985) 6AL-barrak 2006

What is PBL ? The basic outline of the PBL process is : *1*Encountering the problem first, 7AL-barrak 2006

*2* Problem solving 8AL-barrak 2006

*3*Identifying learning needs in an interactive process, 9AL-barrak 2006

*4* Self study 10AL-barrak 2006

*5*Summarizing what has been learned 11AL-barrak 2006

The 7 jump-format of PBL (Maastricht medical school) 12AL-barrak 2006

eidner 2002 Step 1: Clarify the terms and concepts of the problem scenario Step 3: Brainstorming to identify explanations Step 2: Define the problem Step 5: Generate learning issues Step 4: Discuss and organise ideas Step 7: Synthesise & report Step 6 : Collect informations from outside The 7- jump-format of PBL (Maastricht medical school) Problem-Scenario 13AL-barrak 2006

Example for problem scenario A worker comes to the doctor an says, when I got up this morning & coughed, I suddenly had blood in my mouth. This happened several times the last two weeks, & I worry about it” 14AL-barrak 2006

Step 1: Clarify the terms & concepts of the problem scenario *Clear every term *Discuss individual meaning to identify different meaning *Adjust the individual interpretations of terms *Make sure of, what doesn ’ t belong to the problem & therefore not to the problem to solve 15AL-barrak 2006

Step 2 Define the problem *Identify the components of the problem *Formulate the problem Goal of this step *Exact definition of the problem 16AL-barrak 2006

Q1. Which components of the problem could be identifying? Q2. Can you formulate the problem? 17AL-barrak 2006

Step 3 Brainstorming to identify explanations *Share ideas *Possible explanation *Questions *Any information 18AL-barrak 2006

Step 4 Discuss & organize ideas First discuss idea *Ask & discuss ideas Which ideas belong together or can be connected Other ideas Which are not related directly to the problem 19AL-barrak 2006

2 nd Organize ideas *The members are asked to explain ideas more exactly *Adding information & comment the ideas Goal of this step Collect open questions & opposite explanation 20AL-barrak 2006

Step 5 Identifying learning issues 1.Formulate learning goals 2.They are starting point for the activities of the students 3.Some goals have first priority, some secondary …. 21AL-barrak 2006

Identifying learning issues Cont. ’ Problem based learning is not only to solve a problem but to gain knowledge in a certain subject 22AL-barrak 2006

Identifying learning issues Cont.’ Examples for formulating learning issues: What is lung cancer? What is tuberculosis? What effects has coughing physiologically? 23AL-barrak 2006

Step 6 Collect information from out side Students go out & search for the necessary information's The search must be specified Student use tools like 1.Liabrary catalogues 2.Data-based search {e.g. by key words} 3. Internet-search 4.Scientific literature like books & magazines 5. Experts of the specialty 24AL-barrak 2006

Step 6 Collect information from out side Cont.’ * Use more than one source of information * Summarize new knowledge in your own words *Document the sources 25AL-barrak 2006

Step 7 Summarize what has been learned *Deliver a summery of your funding orally *The most important new information *List of topics that have not been understood *Open questions 26AL-barrak 2006

Write report *Summarize result in a systematic order *List all questions that are still open *List all new questions that might have come up * Correct & formulate all questions that seems not to be effective 27AL-barrak 2006

WHY should you be interested in PBL ? 28AL-barrak 2006

You will become an active learner 29AL-barrak 2006

You will be involved in an interactive process 30AL-barrak 2006