Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure for manually preserving brain function until further measures to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest (heart not functioning normally/blood is not delivered).
CPR roots originate in Japan and in Europe dating back to the 18 th century. In 1954 this technique was proved to be a sound method and approved in the U.S.
40 million injury-related visits to ER Unintentional injuries cause most childhood deaths 70 million people is US have cardiovascular disease; causes 700,000 deaths each year
Unusual Sights : stopped vehicle, broken glass, spilled medicine, down electrical wires, sparks, smoke, fire Unusual Appearances or Behaviors: unconsciousness, confused or unusual behavior, trouble breathing, clutching chest or throat, slurred, confused, hesitant speech, drowsiness Unusual Odors: stronger smell than usual, unrecognizable, inappropriate Unusual Noises: screaming, yelling, moaning, calling for help, breaking glass, crashing metal, sudden, loud or unidentifiable sounds, unusual silence
Presence of other people Unsure of ill or injured person’s condition Type of injury or illness Fear of catching a disease Fear of doing something wrong Fear of being sued Unsure when to call 911
Infectious diseases – spread from one person to another – develop when germs invade body and cause illness Bacteria: live outside body and do not depend on other organisms for life. Viruses: depend on other organisms to live. Touching, Breathing, Biting – spread bacteria and viruses from one person to another
Avoid contact with blood or other body fluids Use protective barriers Do not touch blood Use gloves Wash hands thoroughly
Protects citizens who act the same way that a “reasonable and prudent person” would if that person were in the same situation Protect you against lawsuits
Calling 911 is the most important step you can take in an emergency
Giving first aid/CPR Difference between life and death ◦ If you are prepared, you can ensure that helps begins as soon as possible ◦ First aid often makes a difference between a complete recovery and permanent disability
Before giving first aid, you must have a person’s permission Referred to as “consent” To get consent: ◦ Tell person who you are ◦ Training you have ◦ What you think is wrong ◦ What you plan to do
Guidelines If CONSIOUS adult refuses, then DO NOT give care (but call 9-1-1) If CONSIOUS child or infant, consent comes from PARENT/GUARDIAN when available If child or infant, and condition is life- threatening, consent is IMPLIED if parent/guardian not present
Guidelines (continued) If parent/guardian present, but NO consent, DO NOT give care (call 9-1-1) IMPLIED CONSENT if UNCONSIOUS ◦ Means you can assume that if the person could respond, he/she would agree to care
Permission is referred to as “consent” Tell person who you are, training you have, what you think is wrong, and what you plan to do DO NOT GIVE CARE TO A CONSCIOUS PERSON WHO REFUSES IT, but call 911 Child or infant, get consent from guardian Life-threatening condition – permission is implied (especially if unconscious)