Biology 12-14-15 Learning objective: 1st entry task for Chapter 8 – Photosynthesis Learning objective: How plants and other organisms capture energy from the sun Entry task: copy the chapter 8 map

Today’s plan Get results from chapter 7 test GO OVER Photosynthesis pogil Notes for chapter7

Energy from Sunlight Chapter 7

The Carbon Cycle

The chemical equation for photosynthesis summarizes several reaction steps

Human CO2 emissions http://www.skepticalscience.com/human-co2-smaller-than- natural-emissions.htm Photosynthesis Overview http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.p hotosynth/ A different kind of fuel http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/vtl07.la.ws.proces s.diffuel/

Hydrothermal Vents – Life without light National geographic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XotF9fzo4Vo Life in other planets/moons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QqmUBbfn6Y http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at- nasa/2001/ast13apr_1/ http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_se a/vents_seeps/ David Attenborough http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXGF3XS-yAI

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Leaf_anatomy.svg/769px-Leaf_anatomy.svg.png

Anatomy of a Chloroplast

The two main stages of photosynthesis are: the light reactions, which occur in the thylakoids, and the Calvin cycle (light independent reactions), which occurs in the stroma http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf

Absorbed light A substance’s color is due to chemical compounds called pigments Most plants do not absorb green color, they reflect it

Different forms of electromagnetic energy have different wavelengths Different forms of electromagnetic energy have different wavelengths. Shorter wavelengths have more energy than longer wavelengths

Types of pigments in plants Chlorophyll a: Absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light and reflects mainly green light Chlorophyll b: Absorbs mainly blue and orange light and reflects yellow-green Carotenoids: Absorb mainly blue-green light and reflect yellow-orange.

Harvesting Light Energy - Photosystems

Photosystem model Chlorophyll 1 Chlorophyll 2 Chlorophyll 3 (Reaction-center Chlorophyll) Primary Electron Acceptor Water Molecule Light source

The light energy boosts the electrons up to their excited states

The Calvin Cycle

By converting light energy to chemical energy, photosynthesis is the first step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem.

Photosynthesis Table Stages Location INPUT OUTPUT Light Reactions Calvin Cycle

Photosynthesis Table CO2 Stages Location INPUT OUTPUT Light Reactions THYLACOIDS LIGTH H2O ATP NADPH O2 Calvin Cycle STROMA CO2 SUGAR NADP+ ADP + P

Compare contrast

Biology 12-15-15 Learning objective: How we get the energy we need 2nd entry task for Chapter 8&9 – cell respiration Learning objective: How we get the energy we need Entry task: Why do we need oxygen?

Today’s plan Start CO2 investigation Cell respiration equation

CO2 investigation day 1 Why do you breathe more when you are exercising?  Why do you need more oxygen? Energy for life video

How does Bromothymol blue (BTB) work? is a pH indicator for weak acids and bases Co2 is a weak acid. If co2 is added to a solution of water and BTB, the solution will turn color, from blue to light yellow Lets try it!!

The cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Compare contrast

Cellular Respiration A chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the energy in organic molecules into ATP

ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate ATP = Energy “currency” for cell ATP provides energy for the cell to do three types of work: Chemical work = building large molecules Mechanical work = muscle contraction Transport work = getting ions across cell membrane

Overview of what happens during cellular respiration and where 32

CO2 investigation In your journal: Think about what things you can test that would produce different amounts of exhaled CO2 Write what would the manipulated and the responding variables be? Write the investigative question for the experiment Write a hypothesis for this question (If…then…because…) You have 10 minutes!

wednesday 12-16-15 Learning objective: Entry Task: Determine How exercise affects the rate of exhaled CO2 Entry Task: Get materials ready at your table for the lab

Plan of the day Co2 experiment – data collection Write conclusion as homework if not finished during class

CO2 investigation day 2 Read the procedures make sure everybody in your group agrees on what the different types of activities/exercises you will be testing are Decide who will be performing what lab task and activity in your group Students blowing in the beaker and doing the BTB solutions need to wear goggles!!!!!!!! All materials need to be put back in bins cleaned and dried when you finish recording the data – thank you!!

Post lab questions What types of gasses are in the air we breathe? What do you think are the percentages of the gases in the air we breathe? What about the air we exhale? How do you think that compares to the air we inhale? What happens to our breathing as we exercise? Why do we breathe more when we exercise? We breathe more when exercising because we need the oxygen to break down food to produce energy and to release the carbon dioxide waste products that are produced

Where does this extra carbon dioxide come from?

Watch cell respiration vid

From Science News magazine

monday 2-2-15 Learning objective: Describe how photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are related Explain how the ATP molecule works Entry Task: What is the purpose of cellular respiration and where in the cell does it happen?

Plan of the day How cell respiration and photosynthesis are related Cell respiration reactions ATP molecule

The cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration A chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the energy in organic molecules into ATP

ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate ATP = Energy “currency” for cell ATP provides energy for the cell to do three types of work: Chemical work = building large molecules Mechanical work = muscle contraction Transport work = getting ions across cell membrane

Overview of what happens during cellular respiration and where 47

Cell Respiration Table Stages Location ATP Glycolysis Cytoplasm of cell 2 Kreb Cycle Matrix of mitochondrion Electron Transport Chain & ATP Synthase Action Inner membrane of mitochondrion 32-34 Total ATP = 38

Glycolysis Animation http://vcell. ndsu. nodak Glycolysis Animation http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/glycolysis_overview /movie-flash.htm Electron Transport Chain Animation http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/etc/movie-flash.htm ATP Synthase animation http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie- flash.htm

Putting Chemical Energy to Work Input Output 75% 25% 60% 40%

Respiration Aerobic: A process that requires oxygen Cellular respiration vs. breathing Both Bring in Oxygen and release CO2

Cellular Respiration equation C6H12O6 +6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP

Tuesday 2-3-15 (sub today) Learning objective: Determine how photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are related by studying the interactions of an aquatic plant and aquatic snails Entry Task: Get a handout from the front of the room and read the introduction to the virtual lab

Plan of the day Virtual elodea and snail lab (Photosynthesis and cellular respiration) Day one

wednesday 2-4-15 Learning objective: Determine how photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are related by studying the interactions of an aquatic plant and aquatic snails Science class offerings Entry Task: In the virtual lab that you started yesterday, what was the experimental question you wrote?

Plan of the day Science class offerings presentation

thursday 2-5-15 Learning objective: Determine how photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are related by studying the interactions of an aquatic plant with pond snails Entry Task: Write the equation for cellular respiration both in words and symbols

Cellular Respiration equation C6H12O6 +6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP

Plan of the day Finish Virtual elodea and snail lab (Photosynthesis and cellular respiration) Day two Check 9.1 notes

Elodea and snails virtual lab If you are finished with the entire packet, get together with the other students that have finished too check your answers for the conclusion and discussion sections If you disagree with some of your classmates’ answers, have a discussion and see if you can come to an agreement.

Friday 2-6-15 Learning objective: Explain how energy is transferred through ecosystems by the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration Entry Task: why did you need to add the elodea plant in the virtual aquarium with snails in it? Bring your book next Tuesday to be rechecked at the library!!!

ELODEA, SNAILS, & CO2 DARK LIGHT

Plan of the day quiz

Entry task quiz Write the entry task and learning objective for the following dates: 1-26-15 1-30-15 2-2-15 Points: 2 per entry task – 2 per answer – 2 per learning objective ----total 18

WOW!! http://co2now.org/ http://www.vernier.com/products/sensors/wireless-sensors/node/node-co2/ Co2 sensor http://shop.variableinc.com/products/node-co2?variant=492525153 https://www.sciencenews.org/article/elevated-carbon-dioxide-may-impair-reasoning http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/history.html