Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis

Cells that make up the “body” of an organism 2

DNA plus proteins is called chromatin. When chromatin coils up it forms chromosomes. One half of a duplicated chromosome is a chromatid. Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere. Chromosomes condense during cell division

Parent cell centrioles spindle fibers centrosome nucleus with DNA Interphase –Longest phase of cell life cycle –G1 Phase: Cell Growth and Normal Functions –S Phase: DNA is replicated (copied) –G2 Phase: Additional Cell Growth

–The nuclear membrane breaks down –Chromatin condense to chromosomes –Spindle fibers form –Centrioles move towards opposite ends of the cell Prophase Nuclear Membrane breaking down Chromosomes condensed Spindle fibers appear Centrioles

MIDDLE –Chromosomes line up in the MIDDLE of the cell –Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome Metaphase Centromere Spindle fibers Chromosomes Centrioles

–Sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell AWAY –Think AWAY Anaphase Chromatid Spindle fibers Centriole Centromere

–New nuclei form and chromosomes begin to uncoil into chromatin –The nuclear membrane reappears –Spindle fibers disappear –Cleavage furrow begins Telophase Cleavage Furrow Chromatin begins to uncoil Nuclear Membrane reappears Spindle fibers Centrioles Centromere

Cytokinesis Cytokinesis is the division of the rest of the cell contents. –In animal cells, the membrane pinches closed (Cleavage furrow). –In plant cells, a cell plate forms (forms new cell wall).