MATTER What is it?

Matter: anything with mass (weight) and volume (space) Matter – What Is It? Matter: anything with mass (weight) and volume (space) Volume: amount of space an object occupies Mass: amount of matter in an object; - does not depend on gravity

Mass, Volume and Weight Weight: depends on gravity EVERYTHING is matter; matter is EVERYTHING.

What is Matter Made Up Of? Matter is made up of very tiny, microscopic particles called atoms. Atoms are the smallest part of all matter- even though they are small, they have mass and take up space Doesn’t matter how big or how small, everything is made up matter… Let’s explore the Scale of the Universe

How small are atoms?

Molecules and Particles When two or more atoms combine, they form a molecule, which are also known as particles Most molecules are made of two or more atoms A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance with the same properties of the substance. Water molecule aka “Mickey Mouse” molecule

STATES OF MATTER States of matter are based upon: particle or molecular arrangement energy of particles distance between particles Also known as phase changes http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html

The Four States of Matter Four states of matter exist: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma We will discuss the first three at this time.

SOLIDS STATES of MATTER particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrate about a fixed position, particles are locked into place; little free space between particles not easily compressible solids have a definite shape and a definite volume do not flow easily particle cannot move/slide past one another Ex. Ice, wood, rocks

STATES of MATTER LIQUIDS Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to move/ slide over one another (pourable) flows easily liquids have an indefinite shape – take shape of container and a definite volume. Not easily compressible Ex. water, oil and honey

STATES of MATTER GAS particles of gases are very far apart particles move freely past one another gases have an indefinite shape ; take shape of container have indefinite volume are compressible lots of free space between particles Ex. water vapor, air, helium

Thermal Energy What is Thermal Energy? A type of kinetic energy resulting from heat (particles moving faster or slower) Three types of thermal energy: convection, conduction and radiation

Temperature Temperature The amount of kinetic (moving) energy of the particles in a substance (solid, liquid, gas) - Not how hot or cold something is…..

Phase Changes

Description of Phase Change PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to Melting Heat goes into liquid the solid as it melts Liquid to Freezing Heat leaves Solid the liquid as it freezes

Description of Phase Change PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change liquid to Vaporization Heat goes into the gas which includes liquid as it vaporizes boiling & evaporation gas to Condensation Heat leaves liquid as it condenses solid to Sublimation Heat goes into the gas solid as it sublimates

Thermal Energy What is Thermal Energy? A type of kinetic energy resulting from heat (particles moving faster or slower) Three types of thermal energy: convection, conduction and radiation

States of Matter Change Melting Solid to a liquid (gains thermal energy) Ex. - Cheese melting on pizza (~250°F) - Ice melts at greater than 32°F - Rocks turning to molten magma (above ~1200°F)

States of Matter Change Vaporization Liquid to a gas (gain thermal energy) For water this occurs at 212F/100 C and turns into water vapor Other liquids have different vaporization points Evaporation Occurs on the surface of a liquid Ex. Puddles dry after storm

States of Matter Change Condensation When gas turns to a liquid (loss of thermal energy) Ex. Cold drink in glass on hot day Coke Can Cloud Formation Ice pack

States of Matter Change Freezing Liquid to a solid (loss of thermal energy) Ex. Water freezing into cubes Freezing Rain

States of Matter Change Sublimation Solid turns to a gas (an enormous amount of energy must be absorbed by solid) Ex. Dry ice or CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

Phase Change Diagram Water – Freezing Point – 32°F Boiling Point – 212°F

Insulators and Conductors Heat Transfer Heat transfer occurs when heat moves from hot object to cold object. [Draw a picture that shows how heat transfer from hot to cold]

Thermal Insulators Thermal Insulators Objects or substances that prevent or slow down heat transfer Thermal Insulators Cotton Fleece Feathers (down pillows and jackets) Styrofoam Plastic Wood

Thermal Conductors Thermal Conductors Materials that allow or increase heat transfer or substance that are poor Thermal Conductors Iron Copper Water