Chapter 1: Science in Action

What is Science? Science - ______________________ ______________________ Science is about asking _______________ and finding ______________. ____________ can be a scientist.

What do we do to find answers to our questions? Scientist (we) use the _________________ to test their questions about science. Scientific Method - _____________________________________ Often a scientific investigation is sparked by an _______________.

5 Steps to the Scientific Method 1) __O_________________ 2) __H_________________ 3) __E_________________ 4) __C_________________ 5) __C_________________

1) Observe Observe (question) - ________________________________ ________________________________

2) Hypothesis Hypothesis - _______________________ ___________________________________

3) Experiment Experiment - _____________________________________

4) Collect Data Collecting Data - _____________________________________

5) Conclusion Draw a conclusion - _____________________________________ A conclusion tells if the hypothesis was ________________ or _______________.

Check List 1) Science is the study of all ___________ and _____________ things. 2) Who can be a scientist? _____________ 3) How many steps are there to the scientific method? 4) List those steps (OHECC). 5) What is a hypothesis? 6) Tell if each is living or non-living: – Tree, Light, Person, Brick, Fish, Nail, Bacteria, Paper

Now get in your groups Testable Question: Does temperature affect your speed in the 40 yard dash? Hypothesis: Temperature does affect your speed in the 40 yard dash. Conclusion: As temperature increases you usually get faster, unless it gets too hot. But as temperature decreases you get slower and are more likely to pull a muscle.

Section 2

Designing an Experiment When you design an experiment you must decide what steps you will follow. A ______________ - is a step-by-step plan for an experiment.

DO NOT COPY A science student (Tom) wants to find out if a fertilizer affects the growth of a tree? What is your hypothesis? (Well written) How do you come to this conclusion? How should Tom set up this experiment? DRAW

Lets look at Tom’s Experiment Variable - ______________________ ______________________ – What are some variables in Tom’s experiment? ____________

2 Types of Variables Independent Variable - _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Ex:

Dependent Variable - _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Ex:

2 Groups in Every Experiment Control Group - _____________________________________ Ex: Experimental Group - _____________________________________ Ex:

What is the variable that is altered in this experiment ? VariableControl GroupExperimental Group Number of Eggs44 Temperature29 degrees36 degrees Humidity70 % LightingLow light

Constant - ________________________________

What is a trial? Trial - __________________________ ___________

Bell Ringer 1. ____________ - is the variable that is ALWAYS changed first in an experiment. 2. _____________ - are things that remain the same in an experiment such as temp, sunlight, water, etc. 3. A ____________ group is the group that is not altered in an experiment, whereas a ________________ group is the group that is altered or experimented on. 4. A ________ is how many times you do your experiment. 5. Use the tree and fertilizer experiment and label: – Constants (3 examples) - – Independent variable - – Dependent variable - – Control Group - – Experimental Group -

Section 3

Designing a Prototype 1) ____________________ 2) ____________________ 3) ____________________ Prototype – _________________________________

DO NOT COPY What is Performance Testing? What are risks? What are benefits? What is technology?

Organizing Data Bar Graph - _____________________ Line Graph - ____________________ Circle Graph (Pie) - _______________ Data Table - _____________________

Graphing Independent and Dependent Variables Lets go over an example: Therefore: X-axis is the ________________ variable. Y-axis is the ________________ variable.

Check List 1) What are the 5 steps to the Scientific Method? 2) What are 4 ways (charts/graphs) that we organize data? 3) A ________ is a step-by-step process for carrying out an experiment. 4) An experiment is done with 2 lab rats to see if adding Mt. Dew to one of the rats liquid supply affected its hyperness. The experiment was done in the same lab environment. Label Each: – I.V. – D.V. – 2 Constants – Control Group – Experimental Group 5) What variable goes on the x-axis? 6) What variable goes on the y-axis? 7) If something goes wrong (or there is a flaw in your design) you simply make a new _________________, which is the first working model. 8) Give 3 examples of technology.

Lab Report Format Title: Introduction: Materials: Procedure: Data: Conclusion:

Title Keys to a good title: – Always on top of page – In center – Creative Title

Introduction